This Review highlights recent progress in the development of molecular probes for the selective imaging of specific immune cells to aid understanding of the immune system, as well as disease diagnosis and prognosis.

This Review discusses how microfluidic and other fluidic devices can be leveraged at each stage of cell manufacturing for enhancing the potency, predictability and affordability of adoptive cell therapies.

This Perspective argues that the unavailability of cortical electrodes for chronic use may stall research on adaptive deep brain stimulation for treating psychiatric conditions and that this problem can be addressed via public–private partnerships.

Foundation models can be advantageously harnessed to estimate missing data in multimodal biomedical datasets and to generate realistic synthetic samples.

Soft auditory brainstem implant in the cochlear nucleus of macaque evokes auditory-like perceptions with high resolution and tonotopic specificity.

Magnetic resonance imaging of swollen tendons suggests that the elasticity and stress relaxation of extracellular matrix depend on electrostatic repulsions between proteoglycans rather than on hydration-associated changes.

An implantable hydrogel-based phononic crystal that deforms with the surrounding tissues modifying the ultrasonic bandgap allows continuous and wireless monitoring of internal tissue strains.

A technique for the site-directed conjugation of antibodies via the small-protein ubiquitin allows for the efficient multivalent conjugation of antibodies and nanobodies to fusions of ubiquitin with molecular or proteinic moieties.

Therapeutic tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells can be generated in vivo by delivering, via lipid nanoparticles, mRNA coding for the inhibitory protein programmed death ligand 1, as shown in mouse models of rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis.

Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses show that high levels of the extracellular-matrix protein osteopontin are associated with the attenuated foreign-body response elicited by breast silicone implants wrapped with acellular dermal matrix.

Decentralized yet coordinated networks of specialized artificial intelligence agents, multi-agent systems for healthcare (MASH), that excel in performing tasks in an assistive or autonomous manner within specific clinical and operational domains are likely to become the next paradigm in medical artificial intelligence.

Antigen design and optimization for broader yet targeted immune stimulation, and targeted antigen delivery, are reshaping vaccine development for infectious diseases and cancer.

Advances in base editing and prime editing, coupled with optimized delivery strategies, are enhancing the efficiency, safety and versatility of genome editing for the treatment of a widening range of genetic diseases.

Combining neuroimaging with molecular and cellular data reveals how microscale features shape large-scale brain networks.

Cas9-based ribonucleoproteins engineered via directed evolution and encapsulated in optimized lipid nanoparticles improve genome-editing efficacies in the livers and lungs of mice.

High-throughput screening led to the identification of artesunate as an antifibrotic agent that targets the glycoprotein myeloid differentiation factor 2 in the infarcted heart.