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Methods to train physical neural networks, such as backpropagation-based and backpropagation-free approaches, are explored to allow scaling up of artificial intelligence models far beyond present small-scale laboratory demonstrations, potentially enhancing computational efficiency.
Abrupt changes are developing across Antarctica’s ice, ocean and biological systems; some of these changes are intensifying faster than equivalent Arctic changes, potentially irreversibly, and their interactions are expected to worsen other impacts across the Antarctic environment and global climate system.
The integration of omics technologies, genome editing and protein design with artificial intelligence (AI) promises rapid advances in the field of crop improvement that will improve global food security.
Differences in the role of late accretion in the long-term evolution of terrestrial planets are shown to possibly lead to distinct geophysical and chemical properties, as well as pathways conducive to prebiotic chemistry.
This Review provides an overview of the history of resting-state functional MRI research, which has helped to reveal the spatiotemporal organization of the brain, and discusses how it can contribute further to neuroscience research and precision psychiatry.
A review of studies on communication between the nervous and immune systems redefines the neuroimmune connectome with a focus on health and disease, and discusses how the latest techniques can advance our understanding.
This Review delves into the fungal kingdom, exploring the relationships among fungi, animals, plants and the environment, and investigating both the threats posed by fungi and their potential benefits.
Approaches for the development of future at-scale neuromorphic systems based on principles of biointelligence are described, along with potential applications of scalable neuromorphic architectures and the challenges that need to be overcome.
This review highlights transformative advancements in computational microscopy, encompassing coherent diffractive imaging and ptychography, which unify microscopy and crystallography to achieve unparalleled resolution, precision, and large fields of view, enabling diverse applications and driving breakthroughs across multidisciplinary sciences.
Precipitation, solvent extraction, sorption, membrane-based separation and electrochemical-based separation are described as promising methods for extracting lithium from low-quality brines, which have extensive reserves and widespread geographical distributions.
This article reviews evidence that has emerged over the past two decades indicating that herpes simplex encephalitis in children can result from monogenic defects of brain immunity to herpes simplex virus 1.
This Review summarizes key events in the emergence of cellular complexity via eukaryogenesis in the light of developments in environmental and comparative genomics during the past decade.
This Review examines the diverse strategies utilized by naturally occurring antibiotics and suggests how they have provided, and will in future provide, inspiration for the design of novel antibiotics.
This Review considers developments in enzymes, biosynthetic pathways and cellular engineering that enable their use in catalysis for new chemistry and beyond.
