Extended Data Fig. 1: Global variation across and within commodities in the expected extinction opportunity cost of annually producing one functional unit of agricultural commodity or commodity group.

Foods are grouped into functional units: in the case of protein sources this is 100 g of protein; for carbohydrate staples, 1000 kcal; and for fruits and vegetables, 100 grams. For stimulants, the serving sizes are 50 g, 15 g, 3 g, and 1 teaspoon for cocoa, coffee, tea and maté, and spices respectively. In the case of oilcrops, sugar cane, and sugar beet, the functional unit is one kilogram of product, which takes into account the derived nature of these products (i.e. processed sugar rather than raw sugar cane). The lower and upper boundaries of the boxes represent the production-mass weighted 10^th and 90^th percentiles respectively. Horizontal lines represent the weighted median (50^th percentile). Where commodities are grouped, the extinction opportunity cost values of each constituent commodity are weighted by their contribution (by mass) to the total global production of that group.