Fig. 3: tTIS exposure strength in control regions with respect to the targeted striatum.

Histogram depicting the tTIS exposure distribution within specific ROIs computed for a 2 mA current intensity per channel (peak to baseline). a, tTIS exposure distribution of voxels in 10-mm-radius spheres underneath the four stimulating electrodes, averaged for the frontal and posterior electrodes, compared with that in the bilateral striatum (putamen, caudate and nucleus accumbens). The horizontal axis scale was limited to the range [0, 1] for visualization purposes. As a result, nine values greater than 1 V m⁻¹ were omitted, which most likely represented noise values at the edges of the brain mask. b, tTIS exposure distribution of voxels in subparts of the target region, namely the right putamen and right caudate. c–e, tTIS exposure distribution of voxels in supratentorial hubs showing stronger BOLD activation during the task-based fMRI experiment with concurrent tTIS than during HF control stimulation compared with that in the right striatum (putamen, caudate and nucleus accumbens). c, tTIS exposure distribution of voxels in the right striatum compared with voxels in the specific BNA²⁷ regions of the thalamus, which contained voxels showing higher BOLD activity during the task-based fMRI experiment with concurrent tTIS than during HF control stimulation. d, tTIS exposure distribution of voxels in the right striatum compared with voxels in the specific BNA²⁷ regions of the amygdala, which contained voxels showing higher BOLD activity during the task-based fMRI experiment with concurrent tTIS than during HF control stimulation. e, tTIS exposure distribution of voxels in the right striatum compared with voxels in the specific BNA²⁷ regions of the SMA, which contained voxels showing higher BOLD activity during the task-based fMRI experiment with concurrent tTIS than during HF control stimulation.