Extended Data Fig. 3: GWAS QQ plots.
From: Deep learning enables genetic analysis of the human thoracic aorta
Quantile-quantile plots showing the theoretical distribution of P values under a uniform distribution (x-axis) versus the observed distribution within the sample (y-axis) are displayed for the ascending and descending aorta GWAS summary statistics. The plots are stratified by minor allele frequency (‘maf_bin’): ‘common’ denotes SNPs with MAF > 0.05, low frequency with 0.005 < MAF ≤ 0.05, and rare with 0.001 < MAF ≤ 0.005. Variants with MAF < 0.001 were excluded from the analysis.