Table 1 Characteristics of unexplained paediatric hepatitis cases and related specimens

Case ID	Sex	Liver transplant	Sender	Specimen 1	ID 1	Specimen 2	ID 2	Specimen 3	ID 3
1	M	Yes	BCH	Liver	JBL1
2	M	Yes	BCH, PHW	Liver	JBL4	NPA	JBN1
3	F	Yes	BCH	Liver	JBL3
4	M	Yes	BCH, UKHSA	Liver	JBL2	Blood	JBB25
5	F	Yes	BCH	Liver	JBL5
6	F	No	UKHSA	Blood	JBB9	Blood	JBB14	Blood	JBB16
7	F	No	UKHSA	Blood	JBB11	Blood	JBB10
8	F	No	UKHSA	Serum	JBPL1	Blood	JBB13
9	M	No	UKHSA	Blood	JBB1
10	M	No	UKHSA	Blood	JBB15
11	NA	No	GRI	Blood	JBB2
12	M	No	UKHSA	Blood	JBB12
13	NA	No	GRI	Blood	JBB7
14	NA	No	GRI	Blood	JBB8
15	NA	No	GRI	Blood	JBB4	Blood	JBB3
16	NA	No	GRI	Blood	JBB5
17	F	No	UKHSA	Throat swab	JBB18	Stool	JBB17
18	F	No	UKHSA	Blood	JBB19
19	F	No	UKHSA	Blood	JBB20	Blood	JBB23
20	M	No	UKHSA	Blood	JBB21
21	NA	No	PHW	NPA	JBB26
22	NA	No	GRI	Stool	JBB27
23	NA	No	GRI	Throat swab	JBB28	Stool	JBB30
24	NA	No	GRI	Stool	JBB29
25	NA	No	NHSL	Blood	JBB31
26	NA	No	NHSL	Stool	JBB32
27	F	No	UKHSA	Blood	JBB24
28	M	Yes	KCH	Liver	JBL6
29	F	Yes	KCH	Liver	JBL7	Liver	JBL8
30	F	No	KCH	Liver	JBL9
31	F	Yes	KCH	Liver	JBL10
32	M	Yes	KCH	Liver	JBL11	Serum	JBB34
33	F	Yes	KCH	Liver	JBL12
34	M	Yes	KCH	Liver	JBL13	Serum	JBB36
35	F	No	KCH	Liver	JBL14	Serum	JBB35
36	M	Yes	KCH	Liver	JBL15	Serum	JBB37
37	F	No	KCH	Serum	JBB38
38	M	No	KCH	Serum	JBB39

The median age for the cases is 3 years of age (age range: 1–9 years of age). Case 10 was 9 years of age. All other cases were 7 years of age or younger.
Cases 1–5 underwent liver transplant and had metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), PCR and viral whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of their specimens. Cases 28, 29, 31–34 and 36 also underwent liver transplant and had PCR for all three viruses under investigation. BCH sent the liver explant for case 2, PHW the NPA. BCH sent the liver for case 4, UKHSA the blood.
Cases 6–27, 30, 35, 37 and 38 did not receive a liver transplant. Cases 30 and 35 had liver biopsies. Cases 6–10 had metagenomic next-generation sequencing, PCR and viral WGS on their samples. Cases 11–22 had PCR for one to two of the viruses under investigation and viral WGS of positive PCRs. Cases 23–27 only had HAdV WGS on their samples and there was no residual material for further testing. Cases 31, 36, 38 and 39 had PCR for all three viruses under investigation.
BCH, Birmingham Children’s Hospital; F, female; GRI, Glasgow Royal Infirmary; KCH, King’s College Hospital; M, male; NA, not applicable; NHSL, NHS Lothian; NPA, nasopharygeal aspirate; PHW, Public Health Wales.

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