Fig. 4: Neutralization and binding by a panel of NTD- and RBD-specific monoclonal antibodies against wild-type, B.1.1.7 and RBD-mutant SARS-CoV-2 viruses.

a, Neutralization of pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2–murine leukemia virus (MLV) carrying wild-type spike (spike(D614G)) (grey), spike from B.1.1.7 (blue) or a triple-mutant spike protein (TM, carrying RBD mutations K417N, E484K and N501Y) (red) by three selected monoclonal antibodies (S2E12, S2X333 and S2H14) from one representative experiment. Data are mean ± s.d. of two technical replicates. b, Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2–MLVs carrying wild-type spike (spike(D614G)), spike from B.1.1.7 or a triple-mutant spike protein (spike(N501Y, E484K, K417N)) by 60 monoclonal antibodies targeting the NTD (n = 10), RBM (n = 31) or non-RBM sites in the RBD (n = 19). Data are the mean 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values (ng ml⁻¹) of n = 2 independent experiments. c–e, Neutralization by NTD-specific (c), RBM-specific (d) and non-RBM-specific (e) monoclonal antibodies is shown as the mean IC₅₀ values (top) and mean fold change in B.1.1.7 (blue) or the triple mutant (spike(N501Y, E484K, K417N)) (red) relative to the wild-type virus (bottom). The orange line shows the threshold for non-neutralizing titres. Top, data are mean ± s.d. IC₅₀ values from two independent experiments. Bottom, data are mean ± s.d. fold change from two independent experiments. f–h, The kinetics of the binding of monoclonal antibodies to wild-type (black), N501Y (blue) and E484K (red) RBD as measured by biolayer interferometry. f, The four RBM-targeting monoclonal antibodies with no reduced binding to the RBD with N501Y or E484K are shown. g, h, Area under the curve (AUC) (g) and the fold change in the area under the curve (h) of 50 monoclonal antibodies tested against the wild-type, N501Y and E484K RBD. Monoclonal antibodies with a more than 1.3-fold (cut-off indicated by the orange line) change in area under the curve are shown in blue and red; orange dots show non-RBM-specific monoclonal antibodies.