Extended Data Fig. 7: Average expectation values of terms in \(\boldsymbol{\mathcal{H}}\) for the WALA.

Expectation values of each term in the Hamiltonian, averaged over all equivalent vertices/plaquettes/links. For the expectation values of links, ⟨Z_l⟩ is expected to behave differently for qubits on the edge and those in the bulk (Methods). Therefore, we plot the average expectation values for these two sets of qubits separately. The expectation values are plotted for electric vertices ⟨A_v⟩ (blue markers), magnetic plaquettes ⟨B_p⟩ (purple markers), external edge links ⟨X_l⟩_ext and ⟨Z_l⟩_ext (dark green and black markers, respectively) and internal bulk links ⟨X_l⟩_int and ⟨Z_l⟩_int (light green and grey markers, respectively). Error bars correspond to the standard deviation over all vertices, plaquettes or links.