Extended Data Fig. 1: Severe pathological FBR in humans is characterized by similar fibrotic encapsulation, regardless of implant properties.
(a) Hematoxylin and Eosin, (b) Trichrome, and (c) Herovici staining of fibrotic capsules from the fibrous capsule formed around silicone-based breast implants, titanium-based pacemakers, and stainless steel-based orthopedic implants are all similar to each other on the tissue architectural level. Scale bar = 200 µm. (d) Immunostaining for CD45 signaling in human implant FBR capsules. Quantification of percent area positive for CD45 in each capsule. Scale bar = 50 µm. Representative images are shown from similar images across n = 5 independent capsules per group. *p < 0.05. Statistical comparisons were made by using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s multiple comparisons tests. Data is presented as mean ± SEM. B = breast implants, C = cardiac pacemakers, O = orthopedic hardware. (e) Schematic showing the experimental methodology followed; FBR capsules from Baker I and Baker IV breast implants were subject to molecular analyses using a commercially available biomarker panel (HTG Molecular). A total of 10 Baker I specimen and 10 Baker IV specimen were used in this study.