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Microfluidic technologies for enhancing the potency, predictability and affordability of adoptive cell therapies

Nature Biomedical Engineering (2025)Cite this article

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Abstract

The development and wider adoption of adoptive cell therapies is constrained by complex and costly manufacturing processes and by inconsistent efficacy across patients. Here we discuss how microfluidic and other fluidic devices can be implemented at each stage of cell manufacturing for adoptive cell therapies, from the harvesting and isolation of the cells to their editing, culturing and functional selection. We suggest that precise and controllable microfluidic systems can streamline the development of these therapies by offering scalability in cell production, bolstering the efficacy and predictability of the therapies and improving their cost-effectiveness and accessibility for broader populations of patients with cancer.

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Fig. 1: Adoptive cell therapy for cancer treatment.
Fig. 2: Harvesting immune cells for ACT.
Fig. 3: Sorting therapeutic cells for ACT.
Fig. 4: Gene editing and expansion of therapeutic cells for ACT.
Fig. 5: Microfluidic assays for the functional selection of therapeutic cells.
Fig. 6: Microphysiological systems for the assessment and prediction of therapeutic potency.

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Acknowledgements

This contribution was supported in part by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health (grants nos. 1R01CA260170 and 1R01CA277507). It was also supported in part by the McCormick Catalyst Fund at Northwestern University. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health or the other funding agencies. Z.W. was supported by a Banting Postdoctoral Scholarship from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (application no. 489318).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Zongjie Wang & Shana O. Kelley

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA

    Zongjie Wang & Shana O. Kelley

  3. Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA

    Shana O. Kelley

  4. Department of Biochemistry, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA

    Shana O. Kelley

  5. Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA

    Shana O. Kelley

  6. International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA

    Shana O. Kelley

  7. Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA

    Shana O. Kelley

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Z.W. and S.O.K. conceived, wrote and edited the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Shana O. Kelley.

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Z.W. and S.O.K. are co-founders of CTRL Therapeutics, which is commercializing microfluidic technologies for cellular therapy. S.O.K. has received research funds from Amgen and Moderna outside of the submitted work.

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Wang, Z., Kelley, S.O. Microfluidic technologies for enhancing the potency, predictability and affordability of adoptive cell therapies. Nat. Biomed. Eng (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-024-01315-2

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