Fig. 1: Manhattan plot for GWAS meta-analysis of lung adenocarcinoma in East Asians.

The x-axis represents chromosomal location, and the y-axis represents -log₁₀(p-value). All p values were two-sided and not adjusted for multiple testing. The red horizontal line denotes the p value threshold for declaring genome-wide significance at \(5\times {10}^{-8}\). For each box, red text represents a novel variant (12 novel variants, including the lead variants from 10 novel loci, rs12664490 by conditional analysis at 6p21.1, a locus previously reported in East Asians, and rs71467682 at 15q21.2, a locus preciously reported in Europeans); black text represents a previously reported association (16 variants in total, including three independently associated variants in 5p15.33 locus). For each locus, a green circle represents the top p value from the discovery samples, a red diamond represents the p value combining the discovery and the replication data, a black square represents the p value combining our discovery data and Chinese samples in Dai et al.²⁴ (for three variants identified in a cross-ancestry analysis of East Asians and Europeans in Dai et al.²⁴, see Supplementary Table 3). In summary, 28 variants at 25 loci achieved genome-wide significance, including 16 previously reported variants and 12 novel variants.