Fig. 3: Expression of acute tubular injury (ATI) biomarkers in regional proteomics and transcriptomics data and pathway analysis.

a ATI biomarkers with elevated protein expression comparing tubulointerstitial to glomerular levels in KPMP regional proteomics data (AKI, CKD, HRT combined). b Protein expression of ATI biomarkers in the tubulointerstitium of individuals with AKI compared to healthy controls using Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test and Benjamini–Hochberg FDR to account for multiple comparisons. Shown are all proteins with a two-sided p < 0.05. c Gene expression of ATI biomarkers in KPMP regional transcriptomics data (AKI, CKD, HRT combined) using ANOVA. Two-sided p-values are adjusted for multiple comparisons using Benjamini–Hochberg FDR. d Pathway analysis of biomarkers associated with ATI severity. The top-ranked pathways are listed in black (one-sided p < 0.05) and gray (one-sided p < 0.25) following Benjamini–Hochberg correction. ATI: acute tubular injury, AKI: acute kidney injury, CKD: chronic kidney disease, HRT: healthy reference tissue, NES: normalized enrichment score, R-HSA: Reactome-Homo sapiens, GO: Gene Ontology, COPII: Coat Protein II.