Urban Morfology

El término turismo residencial puede vincularse con el concepto de vivienda de uso temporal, ya que en México este hecho comienza a estudiarse a raíz de la presencia de segundas residencias en las zonas costeras, fronterizas y al interior del país, las cuales han provocado una profunda transformación territorial (Deverdun Reyna, Osorio García e Iracheta Cenecorta, 2016), en este sentido el presente artículo tiene como objetivo mostrar las transformaciones que ha sufrido el territorio y los problemas que pueden presentarse a raíz del cambio climático, relativos a la ausencia de una planeación urbana sustentable.
El caso de estudio es el municipio de Valle de Bravo, México, que se localiza al interior del país. Los resultados describen la expansión urbana a partir de la construcción de vivienda de uso temporal que ha sufrido el territorio en el periodo de 2000 a 2020, generados por los cambios en los usos de suelo y las posibles implicaciones que pueden ocasionarse en la sustentabilidad del territorio. Finalmente, en las conclusiones se expone que la expansión urbana ocasionada por las viviendas de uso temporal trae consigo presiones en el suelo al demandar servicios, equipamientos e infraestructura urbana que genera futuras complicaciones al medio ambiente.

O Guia contem 122 endereços georeferenciados, fotografias e informações da área da APAC SAGAS e resultou de uma pesquisa sobre participação comunitária e sustentabilidade social nos projetos urbanos de requalificação da região portuária, por meio de 13 grupos focais com moradores e trabalhadores.

Este documento presenta una propuesta de una ruta turistica con modalidad de cicloturismo, la cual consiste en recorrer en bicicleta de montana las principales haciendas y ex haciendas del siglo XIX y XX. Con lo anterior se identifico la necesidad de desarrollar un producto en el municipio de Tepic, en el cual se puedan combinar e integrar turismo, salud, cultura e historia. Lo anterior mediante la practica de un deporte como lo es el ciclismo de montana o mountain bike , el cual consiste en recorrer en bicicleta algunas de las mas importantes ex fabricas textiles y ex haciendas del municipio de Tepic del siglo XIX y XX., como lo son: Mora, Puga, Bellavista, La Escondida y Jauja, asi como conocer la informacion mas relevante sobre la historia de cada una de ellas.

All the initiatives aimed at removing obstacles to the widespread use of renewable energy sources have costs for the Community. May they be economic, such as grants, reductions on taxation, discounts on concession or town planning charges, as prizes of cubic capacity building. But even in the case of mandatory standards the question of "solar rights" of existing buildings and open spaces during a given period of the year. Remains a crucial issuel in fact, among the various design strategies aimed at energy efficiency standards required, pursuit of those who use solar energy are determined. In the face of such costs created by the public authorities and the legal constraints, the current legislation does not guarantee the solar right in the urban planning. It is absurd to legislate and use collective resources to encourage or even force the adoption of strategies that are based on the solar energy and plan the city with rules that deny access to neighboring lots.

“Ciudades sostenibles” es un juego de cartas didáctico, orientado principalmente a alumnado de 2º-3º de ESO en Geografía e Historia, aunque es adaptable a otros cursos en los que se traten asuntos de Economía, Ciudades, Historia del Urbanismo o los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS). Actuando como diferentes ciudades del mundo, cada equipo debe gestionar, de forma independiente o en alianza con otros grupos, una serie de cartas de acción (relacionadas con los problemas comunes de las ciudades, estructura e historia, funciones, jerarquía, factores de calidad urbana, sostenibilidad y medio ambiente) para conseguir más puntos y el mayor número posible de las cartas que representan a los 17 ODS.

All the initiatives aimed at removing obstacles to the widespread use of renewable energy sources have costs for the Community. May they be economic, such as grants, reductions on taxation, discounts on concession or town planning charges, as prizes of cubic capacity building. But even in the case of mandatory standards the question of “solar rights” of existing buildings and open spaces during a given period of the year. Remains a crucial issuel in fact, among the various design strategies aimed at energy efficiency standards required, pursuit of those who use solar energy are determined. In the face of such costs created by the public authorities and the legal constraints, the current legislation does not guarantee the solar right in the urban planning. It is absurd to legislate and use collective resources to encourage or even force the adoption of strategies that are based on the solar energy and plan the city with rules that deny access to neighboring lots.

The way cities have organized and developed, since their first human settlements, show the marks of the idiosyncrasies of the populations that gave rise to them, whether in the cultural, socio-economic, religious, and functional spheres. A comparative appreciation of the cities of Évora and Setúbal will be done in their evolutions during a period comprehended between the middle ages and the present time, while cities contained in walled enclosures, in the middle ages, until the present urban expansion. In the name of progress, at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, there was a very significant expansion and transformation of the urban fabric, creating the need to adapt to new circumstances brought about by the automobile, historic cities have seen many of their symbolic and identity elements disappear.

Este estudo supón un primeiro achegamento á situación da mobilidade dos traballadores no sector da construción na Euro-rexión Galiza-Norte de Portugal. Indágase sobre as características da mobilidade laboral neste sector e os elementos e factores que determinan a mesma. A procura desta información permítenos estabelecer un diagnóstico da situación a fin de avanzar na mellor comprensión do fenómeno. A metodoloxía combina a análise das fontes estatísticas oficiais existentes, complementándose cunha análise de prensa que achega información cualitativa, e entrevistas a traballadores, organizacións sindicais e inspección de traballo. Como conclusións formúlanse un conxunto de propostas a considerar para o mellor funcionamento deste concreto mercado de traballo.

The effect of urban form on energy consumption has been the subject of various studies around the world. Having examined the effect of buildings on energy consumption, these studies indicate that the physical form of a city has a notable impact on the amount of energy consumed in its spaces. The present study identified the variables that affected energy consumption in residential buildings and analyzed their effects on energy consumption in four neighborhoods in Tehran: Apadana, Bimeh, Ekbatan-phase I, and Ekbatan-phase II. After extracting the variables, their effects are estimated with statistical methods, and the results are compared with the land surface temperature (LST) remote sensing data derived from Landsat 8 satellite images taken in the winter of 2019. The results showed that physical variables, such as the size of buildings, population density, vegetation cover, texture concentration, and surface color, have the greatest impacts on energy usage. For the Apadana neighborhood, the factors with the most potent effect on energy consumption were found to be the size of buildings and the population density. However, for other neighborhoods, in addition to these two factors, a third factor was also recognized to have a significant effect on energy consumption. This third factor for the Bimeh, Ekbatan-I, and Ekbatan-II neighborhoods was the type of buildings, texture concentration, and orientation of buildings, respectively.

The effect of urban form on energy consumption has been the subject of various studies around the world. Having examined the effect of buildings on energy consumption, these studies indicate that the physical form of a city has a notable impact on the amount of energy consumed in its spaces. The present study identified the variables that affected energy consumption in residential buildings and analyzed their effects on energy consumption in four neighborhoods in Tehran: Apadana, Bimeh, Ekbatan-phase I, and Ekbatan-phase II. After extracting the variables, their effects are estimated with statistical methods, and the results are compared with the land surface temperature (LST) remote sensing data derived from Landsat 8 satellite images taken in the winter of 2019. The results showed that physical variables, such as the size of buildings, population density, vegetation cover, texture concentration, and surface color, have the greatest impacts on energy usage. For the Apadana neighborhood, the factors with the most potent effect on energy consumption were found to be the size of buildings and the population density. However, for other neighborhoods, in addition to these two factors, a third factor was also recognized to have a significant effect on energy consumption. This third factor for the Bimeh, Ekbatan-I, and Ekbatan-II neighborhoods was the type of buildings, texture concentration, and orientation of buildings, respectively.

Universidade do Minho Resumo Este estudo supón un primeiro achegamento á situación da mobilidade dos traballadores no sector da construción na Euro-rexión Galiza-Norte de Portugal. Indágase sobre as características da mobilidade laboral neste sector e os elementos e factores que determinan a mesma. A procura desta información permítenos estabelecer un diagnóstico da situación a fin de avanzar na mellor comprensión do fenómeno. A metodoloxía combina a análise das fontes estatísticas oficiais existentes, complementándose cunha análise de prensa que achega información cualitativa, e entrevistas a traballadores, organizacións sindicais e inspección de traballo. Como conclusións formúlanse un conxunto de propostas a considerar para o mellor funcionamento deste concreto mercado de traballo.

All the initiatives aimed at removing obstacles to the widespread use of renewable energy sources have costs for the Community. May they be economic, such as grants, reductions on taxation, discounts on concession or town planning charges, as prizes of cubic capacity building. But even in the case of mandatory standards the question of "solar rights" of existing buildings and open spaces during a given period of the year. Remains a crucial issuel in fact, among the various design strategies aimed at energy efficiency standards required, pursuit of those who use solar energy are determined. In the face of such costs created by the public authorities and the legal constraints, the current legislation does not guarantee the solar right in the urban planning. It is absurd to legislate and use collective resources to encourage or even force the adoption of strategies that are based on the solar energy and plan the city with rules that deny access to neighboring lots.

Au Ier siècle avant notre ère est construite, au coeur de la vallée de la Bigorre, une nouvelle ville : Turba (Tarbes). Elle connaît son apogée au Ier siècle de notre ère comme en témoigne la présence de nombreuses domus, du quartier artisanal, de thermes, ou encore d’un vaste système de canaux. Mais cet essor prend fin dès la première moitié du IIe siècle de notre ère. Les domus sont peu à peu abandonnées, les canaux ne sont plus entretenus, les thermes tombent en désuétude. La ville est alors dépeuplée et fait face à un exode urbain massif. Néanmoins un petit quartier continue d’être occupé durant le IIIe siècle, l’actuel quartier de la Préfecture. Une domus est agrandie et améliorée durant la première moitié du IVe siècle. À la fin du IVe siècle, la ville connaît un tournant majeur dans sa fonction et son rôle au sein de la cité des Bigerriones. Un premier édifice chrétien est construit sous l’actuelle cathédrale Notre-Dame-de-la-Sède. Il est agrandi au Ve siècle et continue d’être occupé jusqu’à nos jours. Tarbes passe donc d’une vaste agglomération antique de 20 hectares à un petit bourg religieux de 2 hectares au début du Moyen-Âge.

The effect of urban form on energy consumption has been the subject of various studies around the world. Having examined the effect of buildings on energy consumption, these studies indicate that the physical form of a city has a notable impact on the amount of energy consumed in its spaces. The present study identified the variables that affected energy consumption in residential buildings and analyzed their effects on energy consumption in four neighborhoods in Tehran: Apadana, Bimeh, Ekbatan-phase I, and Ekbatan-phase II. After extracting the variables, their effects are estimated with statistical methods, and the results are compared with the land surface temperature (LST) remote sensing data derived from Landsat 8 satellite images taken in the winter of 2019. The results showed that physical variables, such as the size of buildings, population density, vegetation cover, texture concentration, and surface color, have the greatest impacts on energy usage. For the Apadana neighborhood, the factors with the most potent effect on energy consumption were found to be the size of buildings and the population density. However, for other neighborhoods, in addition to these two factors, a third factor was also recognized to have a significant effect on energy consumption. This third factor for the Bimeh, Ekbatan-I, and Ekbatan-II neighborhoods was the type of buildings, texture concentration, and orientation of buildings, respectively.

El presente libro “Ambientes urbanos, estudios territoriales y construcción de nuevos paradigmas”, cuenta con una temática coherente integrada por seis capítulos, que abordan temas, problemas y fenómenos geográficos que ocurren en la base llamada territorio urbano, bajo una relación causa efecto, abonando en las propuestas de solución de los problemas turísticos, morfológicos y de movilidad que ahí están ocurriendo.

Resumo:  O objectivo da salvaguarda dos bens patrimoniais é a consolidação de traços identitários dos nossos antepassados. O homem necessita de memória histórica, ou seja, de interiorização do passado; como ser cultural, ele não poderá evoluir sem o sentimento das tradições. A evocação e a invocação da História, de necessidade vital para o futuro do homem como essência histórica, não podem extinguir-se. É um facto social incontestado que os cidadãos têm consciência do valor histórico e da riqueza etnográfica da sua herança colectiva, espelho e vector da sua identidade, mobilizando-se com determinação assumida nas tarefas urgentes da sua defesa. Com estes combates e manifestações de vigoroso dinamismo intenta-se preservar, para as gerações vindouras, a precariedade dos vestígios materiais de milénios de história humana e de entidade cultural. O conceito alargado de memória cultural relaciona-se com todas as áreas da moderna percepção de defesa do património, desde a clássica área da conservação e restauro do património arqueológico à conservação de um monumento técnico. Ele encerra a força e o valor da tradição com o testemunho dos valores estéticos e éticos inerentes. Preservar e documentar o passado e a identidade histórica significa declarar-se também partidário da coexistência qualificada do novo na História, mercê de um diálogo articulado e mutuamente benéfico com a actualidade, com a 'nova vida' e exigências socioculturais e com as consequentes transformações da arquitectura, perante as oportunidades e capacidades do desenvolvimento da ciência e das inovações tecnológicas. A salvaguarda do património arquitectónico é considerada como um modo de defesa global do ambiente que não se preocupa só com a protecção do espaço vital natural, mas também com a do espaço vital colectivo desenhado pelo homem no decurso da sua existência. Não faltam, por isso, normas e directivas internacionais apelando todas para a necessidade de salvaguarda integrada da herança comunitária.
Abstract: The goal of safeguarding historical heritage is to consolidate the identity traits of our ancestors. Man needs historical memory, that is, of interiorization of the past; as a cultural being, it can not evolve without the feeling of traditions. The evocation of history, of vital necessity for the future of man as a historical essence, can not be extinguished. It is an uncontested social fact that citizens are aware of the historical value and ethnographic richness of their collective heritage, mirror of their identity, mobilizing with determination in the urgent tasks of their defense. With these manifestations of vigorous dynamism we try to preserve for the generations to come the precariousness of the material vestiges of millennia of human history and of cultural entity. The broad concept of cultural memory is related to all areas of the modern perception of heritage defense, from the area of conservation and restoration of the archaeological heritage to the conservation of a technical monument. It closes the strength and value of tradition with the witness of inherent aesthetic and ethical values. Preserving the past and the historical identity means to declare itself also a partisan of the qualified coexistence of the new in history, through an articulated dialogue with the present, with the 'new life' and sociocultural requirements and with the consequent transformations of architecture, given the opportunities and capacities of the development of science and technological innovations. The safeguarding of the architectural heritage is considered as a global defense of the environment which is not only concerned with the protection of the natural living space but also with the collective life space designed by man in the course of his life. That is why international norms are not lacking, all appealing to the need for an integrated safeguard of the community heritage.

In Storie di città e architetture, scritti in onore di Enrico Guidoni, viene pubblicato il saggio su una importante tipologia dell'abitare presente nel tessuto edilizio del città rinascimentale e barocca e non rilevata dagli studi di Muratori e della scuola processuale. La ricerca procede in una serrata documentazione dei caratteri e della qualità distributive e costruttive del tipo plurifamiliare e in una serie di osservazioni del rapporto tra arte e autori della città e la formazione tipologica dei tessuti edilizi.

MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MORRO DA CONCEIÇÃO (RIO DE JANEIRO): INTERFACES BETWEEN MORPHOLOGY AND URBAN CONSERVATION
ABSTRACT
The Morro da Conceição, one of the most important historical occupations of central area of Rio de Janeiro, whose occupation dates back to the 17th century, is located at the Praça Mauá, newly renovated area within the framework of the project "Porto Maravilha. Morphological analysis of the hill, is made in the light of the concepts of Caniggia/Maffei (1995) and comes from the professional activity in licensing process analysis in surrounding areas of cultural property listed by IPHAN-RJ. Proposes a reflection on the explicit and implicit architectural and urban criteria protection instruments, showing the great importance of urban morphology for urban planning and conservation. The morphological analysis should lead planners to assess the impact of their projects on pre-existences (Vernez-Moudon, 2015). The analysis of the urban fabric of an area of the Morro da Conceição (Ladeira do João Homem) showed that it is possible to perform a morphological study from concepts of the pioneers of urban morphology and question how museificated are some historical sets. Making use of the historical-typological reading of the environment allows us to then walk beyond cursory reading of architectural "styles", taking advantage of the potentiality of understanding the typological process of the urban fabric as a language. Such reading makes possible to handle the dialectic relationship between conservation and urban transformation, and also think about design in urban conservation. We aimed to think about most important aspects of urban morphology in preserved areas, related to their historical evolution and typological, as well to evaluate the limits, and potentials of Italian theory, seeking ways to incorporate some notions in methodologies oriented for the elaboration of urban conservation criteria.
Keywords: Urban Morphology. Urban Conservation. Typological Process.