The "tyranny of gender" (Doan, 2010, p. 635), as Petra Doan calls it, is hard to escape when you're transgender. It exists everywhere you go, in every interaction. It even exists in purportedly safe spaces such as those coded queer or...
moreThe "tyranny of gender" (Doan, 2010, p. 635), as Petra Doan calls it, is hard to escape when you're transgender. It exists everywhere you go, in every interaction. It even exists in purportedly safe spaces such as those coded queer or feminist, like LGBTQIA resource centers. Little has been written about the experiences of transgender people in their day-today lives under the tyranny of gender and how they experience space and place. This research is an effort to increase awareness of the unique ways that trans people experience the presence of exclusion, marginalization, and violence whenever they leave the relative safety and comfort of their own private dwelling. This research uses theories developed in feminist and queer geographies as well as sociological theories of gender. For the purpose of this paper genderqueer is defined as "an identity label used by many people who view their gender as falling outside of the male/female or man/woman binaries" (Serano, n.d.). Transgender is used as a social and political umbrella term for people who transgress gender norms or otherwise defy traditional gender categories in some way and encompasses a wide range of identities such as agender, bigender, genderfluid, genderqueer, nonbinary, female-to-male, and male-to-female. There are literally dozens of terms that cover the infinite variety of genders that exist. The term cis-heteronormativity is used to denote people who are comfortable with their birth gender and engage exclusively in heterosexual relationships. Because this research project has an autoethnographic component, I feel the need to share that at the time this research was conducted, I was identifying as genderqueer and presented as mostly male with some obvious feminine traits and expressions. For a very long time I did not feel comfortable as either male or female, as I am a bit of both, somedays more one than the other, though inwardly I have always considered myself very feminine. Thus, genderqueer was the term I was most comfortable with, and I embraced it because it also spoke to my sense of self as someone on the outside: activist, autodidact, explorer, and outlaw. As I progressed through my undergraduate work into my graduate work and my research grew more focused on transgender issues, I consciously sought a deeper understanding of the ways transgender people suffer exclusion, marginalization, and violence. Using tools gained in the study of the geography of gender and sexuality, these new lenses were used to observe gender phenomena and provided tremendous insight into how trans exclusion, marginalization and violence play out in day-today interactions with people, places, and spaces in a way the most careful reading of the available academic literature could not. Academic work in feminist, queer and trans literatures is essential to understanding the role of gender, particularly patriarchal norms, and how they form the basis of that exclusion. Intersectional analysis is crucial to understanding the legal and public policy frameworks that sanction transgender marginalization, as well as the role of identity and identity politics in shaping debates around trans rights. Feminist and queer geography illustrate how the experiences trans people have in public, semi-public and even private spaces are much different than those of cisgender people and that almost all space and places are coded as cis-heteronormative (Namaste, 1994, p. 225).