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Zhang et al. show that the activation of RIPK1 is suppressed by acetylhypusination in a spermidine-dependent manner. Disruption of this axis contributes to RIPK1-mediated vascular pathology to promote insulin resistance and diabetic kidney pathology.

β-thalassemia mutations show striking population differences, but their evolutionary origins are unclear. Here, the authors trace multiple independent origins of common β-thalassemia mutations in southern China, shaped by agricultural expansion, migration, and local selection.

Lynch syndrome is caused by alterations in mismatch repair genes, and is associated with increased risk of multiple cancers. Here, the authors assess differences in tumour types between canonical Lynch syndrome tumour types, and rarer CNS tumours or in sites not traditionally associated with LS.

Anti-malarial immune responses involve type I IFN responses and innate immune pathways. Here the authors show the palmitoylation of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), a kinase which promotes the type I IFN pathway, is disrupted in malaria infection and that this disruption leads to less effective anti-malarial responses.

PRDX1 enhances lipophagy and testosterone production by regulating ATG4B. PRDX1 inactivation causes premature testicular aging and aggravates LOH syndromes. Ebselen may be applied to treat male aging-related issues.

Three BRAF inhibitors are used to treat melanoma and colorectal cancer. Here, the authors demonstrate that these drugs bind and activate the protein kinase GCN2, a previously unappreciated off-target effect that may modulate tumour cell responses.

A technique called condense-seq has been developed to measure nucleosome condensability and used to show that mononucleosomes contain sufficient information to condense into large-scale compartments without requiring any external factors.

Major depressive disorder has been linked to peripheral immune dysfunction. Here, the authors identify elevated stem cell-like memory CD8⁺ T cells in patients and in a murine stress model show migration to the intestine via PPBP-CXCR2 and suggest gut CD8 cells modulate tyrosine metabolizing bacteria and homovanillic acid potentiating neuroinflammation and depressive phenotype.

At single-cell resolution, Tarkhov et al. delineate stochastic and co-regulated components of epigenetic aging, revealing a simultaneous loss of regulation at the epigenetic and transcriptional levels in aging.

A wearable human–machine interface combines inertial and electromyography sensors with deep learning to robustly extract gesture signals and enable real-time robotic control under diverse motion artefacts in dynamic environments.

An integrated surface-enhanced Raman scattering navigation instrument allows the intraoperative classification of malignant-grade prostate tumours by simultaneously assessing tissue acidity and prostate-specific antigen enzymatic activity.

Here Jaster et al., show a single psilocybin dose produce sex-specific post-acute changes in opioid reward and withdrawal via 5-HT2A receptors in frontal cortex-to–nucleus accumbens circuits, with epigenetic and synaptic changes shaping therapeutic potential.

Osteoarthritis (OA) involves joint inflammation and degeneration, but its underlying causes are not fully understood. Here, the authors show that cholesterol triggers intercellular mitochondrial transfer to activate inflammatory chain reaction in joints and targeting this process can alleviate OA.

Here, in a study of over 6,000 women across China, the authors show that Mycoplasma hominis infection strongly influences vaginal microbiota and is linked to higher risk of cervical lesions, highlighting its importance in women’s reproductive health.

Tracking the success rate of clinical drug development is key for pharmaceutical and economic decision making. Here, the authors establish a strategy enabling dynamic measurement of the success rate using public data and generate an online platform.

Somatic mutations accumulate with age and have been linked to functional decline and disease. Single-cell analysis of human cartilage samples from donors with and without osteoarthritis shows that somatic mutations accumulate with age, but, in osteoarthritis, they show distinct mutational patterns and slower accumulation, possibly due to DNA-damage-induced chondrocyte death.

This study reveals how Tau pathology in spinal neurons contributes to early tactile deficits in Alzheimer’s disease, linking sensory dysfunction to cognitive decline. It highlights potential peripheral biomarkers and new therapeutic targets beyond the brain.

A phase 1/2 and a phase 3 trial testing an AAV-FIX Padua gene therapy in patients with hemophilia B in China showed that the treatment was well tolerated and effective in reducing the annualized bleeding rate.

Turley and colleagues find that Gremlin1-expressing lymph node fibroblastic reticular cells support dendritic cell homeostasis via provision of FLT3L.

Here, using a mouse model, the authors show that a lysine-restricted diet counteracts obesity via the enrichment of Parabacteroides goldsteinii and its metabolite MIAA, which in turn leads to suppressed fat accumulation by modulating the FTO-YTHDC1-SLC2A4 pathway.

Developmental programs are frequently co-opted in glioblastoma. Here, the authors show the role of transcription factors Olig1/2 in fate specification of tri-potential intermediate progenitor cells and their connection with gliomagenesis in mouse models; they also show that Olig1/2 deletion can reprogram such stem cell differentiation and inhibit tumour growth.

This study identifies four distinct polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) subtypes using unsupervised clustering analysis on data from 11,908 women and validated across five diverse cohorts. The subtypes show unique clinical features and suggest that subtype-specific management could enhance treatment precision for PCOS.

Xie and colleagues show that MRI-based brain function maps can identify patient-specific abnormalities in temporal lobe epilepsy, track how they spread along brain networks, and help diagnose, lateralize seizure focus, and predict surgical outcomes.

The dopamine motivating animals to perform a current behavior also desensitizes local D₂ dopamine receptors. Dopamine signaling is less effective in subsequent rounds, resulting in repetition-induced devaluation of behavior.

Some pathogens manipulate host ferroptosis, a type of programmed cell death, for pathogenesis. Here, the authors show that Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses a quorum sensing metabolite to induce ferroptosis in macrophages through a methylation pathway.

Here, authors present three-dimensional rolled-up, magnetically integrated microinductors, demonstrating a superlinear scaling law of inductance density. This design makes the device suitable for a compact radiofrequency on-chip system for the Internet of Things and 6G applications.

This study benchmarks four cutting-edge spatial transcriptomics platforms using human tumour tissues, performs multi-metric evaluation with multi-omics references, and presents the SPATCH portal for visualisation and download.

Nanocrystal assembly is key to creating complex architectures. Here, the authors show that tuning competitive ion adsorption alters anisotropic surface potentials and electrostatic torques, directing facet attachment to enable alternative mesoscale designs.

Analysis of the longest-lived mammal, the bowhead whale, reveals an improved ability to repair DNA breaks, mediated by high levels of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein.   

Here the authors show how coronaviruses use host lipid metabolism and ER-associated degradation pathways to form double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) essential for RNA replication, demonstrating that the viral protein nsp6 tethers DMVs to lipid droplets and recruits ERAD-derived vesicles to enable membrane expansion and efficient replication.

NatD is an acetyltransferase responsible for N-α-terminal acetylation of the histone H4 and H2A and has been linked to cell growth. Here the authors show that NatD-mediated acetylation of histone H4 serine 1 competes with the phosphorylation by CK2α at the same residue thus leading to the upregulation of Slug and tumor progression.

Barnett et al. disentangle the differential contribution of mitochondrial complex I- and complex III-derived ROS to astrocytic function, with CIII-derived ROS being a major driver of neuroinflammatory responses.

Ying, Paulson and collagues have developed an open-source framework, Biolearn, to harmonize and systematically evaluate 39 aging biomarkers across diverse populations, enabling standardized validation and facilitating development of robust aging biomarkers.

Aqueous zinc–iodine batteries offer an inexpensive, safe technology for energy storage, but using inactive host materials limits the energy density and polyiodide shuttling reduces cycling lifetimes. Now it has been shown that integrating electroactive ferrocene into cathodes offers additional capacity to enhance energy density and enables shuttle-free operation.

Atomic disorder limits the performance of kesterite solar cells. Jinlin Wang et al. introduce surface vacancy defects via magnesium doping, which reduces cation disorder and charge losses, enabling a certified efficiency of 14.9%.

CABLE harnesses cytoarchitectural information such as cell or nuclear shape to infer fiber tracts in the brain of, for example, marmosets, macaques or humans.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) bears the hallmark loss of VHL but remains incurable. Here, the authors identify the SLC1A1 dicarboxylic amino acid transporter as an actionable, oncogenic, HIF-independent, metabolic dependency in VHL-deficient ccRCCs.

Conditional knockout of LARP4 in naive CD4⁺ T cells leads to attenuated quiescence exit and clonal expansion.

Municipal solid waste (MSW) could power sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), but costs and technical hurdles such as gasification hinder its adoption. A study now shows that MSW can be turned into SAF with 80–90% lower lifecycle emissions while offering a 16% reduction in aviation greenhouse gas emissions.

Using data from the CoVPN 3008 study, the authors show that the neutralizing antibody correlate of risk holds in people living with HIV. However, the nAb correlate was weaker and shorter-lived in a vaccine-immunity versus hybrid-immunity population.

Here the authors report an allotrope to the nanocarbon family, Graphene-P-phenyl-Graphene, for potassium-ion batteries.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

The authors combine light intensity data with eddy covariance observations from 86 sites to show that artificial light at night increases ecosystem respiration and alters carbon exchange, with impacts shaped by diel cycles and seasonal dynamics.

VRK Serine/Threonine Kinase 2 (VRK2) has shown to play a significant role in apoptosis, cell growth, and immune response. Here the authors report that VRK2 is a key regulator of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) which can enhance myelocytomatosis oncogene (MYC) protein stability and transcriptional activity resulting in HCC progression when expressed increased levels

The study finds coherent spin waves, generated by ultrafast laser pulses, drive antiferromagnetic domain walls (DWs) in Sr₂Cu₃O₄Cl₂ at a record  ~50 km/s. DW propagation direction is controllable via laser helicity and DW winding number, explained by in-plane magnon mode-induced dynamics unique to easy-plane anisotropy magnets.

A single umbilical cord blood unit of CD34⁺ HSPCs produces a high number of CD19 CAR-iNK cells using a modified cell culture method.

The biological clock model LifeClock predicts biological age across all life stages from routine clinical data, revealing distinct pediatric and adult disease risk patterns.