Table 2 Cox proportional hazards models for the association between 75th versus 25th percentile Fitbit-derived sleep metric and chronic diseases

From: Sleep patterns and risk of chronic disease as measured by long-term monitoring with commercial wearable devices in the All of Us Research Program

 

Average sleep duration

Average restless duration

Sleep irregularity (s.d. sleep duration)

Average % REM

Average % light sleep

Average % deep sleep

Chronic disease

Na

HR (95% CI)b

N

HR (95% CI)

N

HR (95% CI)

N

HR (95% CI)

N

HR (95% CI)

N

HR (95% CI)

Atrial fibrillation

102/5,513

1.12 (0.87–1.45)

83/6,095

1.13 (0.79–1.60)

102/5,513

1.19 (0.83–1.70)

83/6,095

0.67 (0.43–1.03)

83/6,095

1.76 (1.02–3.05)

83/6,095

0.59 (0.35–0.99)

Heart failure

68/5,590

0.93 (0.69–1.25)

54/6,182

1.15 (0.74–1.77)

68/5,590

1.12 (0.72–1.73)

54/6,182

0.51 (0.26–0.99)

54/6,182

2.30 (1.05–5.04)

54/6,182

0.59 (0.30–1.16)

Coronary artery disease

113/5,421

0.96 (0.75–1.23)

90/6,007

1.12 (0.79–1.57)

113/5,421

1.32 (0.94–1.87)

90/6,007

0.91 (0.64–1.30)

90/6,007

1.16 (0.77–1.77)

90/6,007

1.12 (0.76–1.63)

Hypertension

1,049/2,827

1.00 (0.92–1.09)

773/3,137

1.01 (0.90–1.14)

1,049/2,827

1.11 (0.99–1.24)

773/3,137

0.97 (0.87–1.08)

773/3,137

1.06 (0.94–1.20)

773/3,137

0.94 (0.84–1.07)

Obesity

1,176/4,270

0.90 (0.83–0.98)

859/4,748

1.13 (1.00–1.27)

1,176/4,270

1.21 (1.08–1.37)

859/4,748

1.09 (0.99–1.20)

859/4,748

0.90 (0.81–1.00)

859/4,748

1.07 (0.97–1.19)

Diabetes

89/5,935

0.85 (0.63–1.15)

70/5,935

0.98 (0.67–1.43)

89/5,935

1.21 (0.79–1.86)

70/5,935

0.76 (0.50–1.16)

70/5,935

1.16 (0.77–1.77)

70/5,935

1.12 (0.76–1.63)

Major depressive disorder

400/4,649

1.00 (0.88–1.13)

292/5,146

1.07 (0.88–1.33)

400/4,649

1.17 (0.96–1.42)

292/5,146

0.95 (0.80–1.14)

292/5,146

1.11 (0.93–1.33)

292/5,146

0.87 (0.73–1.04)

Generalized anxiety disorder

555/4,704

1.01 (0.91–1.13)

394/5,208

1.09 (0.92–1.30)

555/4,704

1.08 (0.92–1.27)

394/5,208

0.80 (0.69–0.92)

394/5,208

1.31 (1.13–1.52)

394/5,208

0.84 (0.72–0.98)

  1. aN differs by sleep measure because not all Fitbit devices report restless sleep or sleep stages and because participants with ≤15 days of monitoring in the ‘baseline’ period were excluded from the models for average sleep duration and sleep irregularity but included in the restless sleep duration and sleep stages models to increase the sample size.
  2. bHR (95% CI) values in bold indicate significant associations. All Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for age, sex, baseline BMI, baseline systolic blood pressure, smoking status, alcohol drinking status, education status, time-varying average daily step count and previous diagnoses of cancer or coronary artery disease.
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