Abstract
Fibulochlamys chilensis, an anamorphic basidiomycete characterized by clamped hyphae and thick-walled conidia, has remained taxonomically unresolved due to the absence of a known sexual form (teleomorph). Nevertheless, a previous phylogenetic analysis revealed its affiliation with the gilled mushrooms of Lyophyllaceae. The unintentional discovery of basidiocarps (teleomorph) of F. chilensis in our laboratory led us to reevaluate this species based on molecular phylogeny and morphological identification. Phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU) regions revealed that F. chilensis should be classified within the genus Lyophyllum. We successfully cultivated the basidiocarp of this species on bark compost supplemented with rice bran at a 5:1 ratio, which supports the confirmation of its anamorph–teleomorph connection and provides a basis for future conservation and research. The morphological traits such as siderophilous granulation in basidia and collybioid basidiomata further support its classification within this genus. Therefore, we propose a new combination: Lyophyllum chilense. Additionally, we report for the first time that homokaryotic cultures of this species lack clamped hyphae and produce both thick-walled conidia and arthroconidia.
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Data availability
Newly generated sequences were submitted to the DDBJ database (https://www.ddbj.nig.ac.jp). The concatenated dataset, including the alignment and phylogenetic trees inferred by ML and BI analyses, is provided as a single NEXUS file in the supplementary material.
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The authors would like to thank Editage (http://www.editage.jp) for the English language editing.
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This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 21K05710.
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MPA collected and isolated specimens, performed lab work and data analyses, and contributed to writing. TY collected and isolated specimens. NE, KS, and NS supervised, helped design the study, and reviewed the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Amelya, M.P., Yamada, T., Endo, N. et al. Discovery and successful cultivation of the teleomorph of Fibulochlamys chilensis (Lyophyllaceae, Agaricales) in Japan, and its reclassification as Lyophyllum chilense comb. nov.. Mycol Progress 24, 78 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-025-02102-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-025-02102-2