Fig. 3
Total and disaggregated costs for the two screening strategies (HG and DL). The costs are for the cost-utility analysis at base case from both societal and provider perspectives. BB bilateral blindness, DL deep learning, DME diabetic macular edema, HG trained human graders, STDR sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy. Costs of treatment of DME and STDR without DME are presented separately. We assumed no direct medical costs for bilateral blindness; all the values are Thai baht in 2020