/******************************************************************************
 *                       ____    _    _____                                   *
 *                      / ___|  / \  |  ___|    C++                           *
 *                     | |     / _ \ | |_       Actor                         *
 *                     | |___ / ___ \|  _|      Framework                     *
 *                      \____/_/   \_|_|                                      *
 *                                                                            *
 * Copyright (C) 2011 - 2016                                                  *
 * Dominik Charousset <dominik.charousset (at) haw-hamburg.de>                *
 *                                                                            *
 * Distributed under the terms and conditions of the BSD 3-Clause License or  *
 * (at your option) under the terms and conditions of the Boost Software      *
 * License 1.0. See accompanying files LICENSE and LICENSE_ALTERNATIVE.       *
 *                                                                            *
 * If you did not receive a copy of the license files, see                    *
 * http://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause and                            *
 * http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt.                                      *
 ******************************************************************************/

#ifndef CAF_DETAIL_TYPE_TRAITS_HPP
#define CAF_DETAIL_TYPE_TRAITS_HPP

#include <tuple>
#include <chrono>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <utility>
#include <functional>
#include <type_traits>

#include "caf/fwd.hpp"
#include "caf/timestamp.hpp"

#include "caf/detail/type_list.hpp"

#define CAF_HAS_MEMBER_TRAIT(name)                                             \
template <class T>                                                             \
struct has_##name##_member {                                                   \
  template <class U>                                                           \
  static auto sfinae(U* x) -> decltype(x->name(), std::true_type());           \
                                                                               \
  template <class U>                                                           \
  static auto sfinae(...) -> std::false_type;                                  \
                                                                               \
  using type = decltype(sfinae<T>(nullptr));                                   \
  static constexpr bool value = type::value;                                   \
}

namespace caf {
namespace detail {

template <class T>
using decay_t = typename std::decay<T>::type;

template <bool V, class T = void>
using enable_if_t = typename std::enable_if<V, T>::type;

template <class Trait, class T = void>
using enable_if_tt = typename std::enable_if<Trait::value, T>::type;

/// Checks whether `T` is inspectable by `Inspector`.
template <class Inspector, class T>
class is_inspectable {
private:
  template <class U>
  static auto sfinae(Inspector& x, U& y) -> decltype(inspect(x, y));

  static std::false_type sfinae(Inspector&, ...);

  using result_type = decltype(sfinae(std::declval<Inspector&>(),
                                      std::declval<T&>()));

public:
  static constexpr bool value = !std::is_same<result_type, std::false_type>::value;
};

/// Checks whether `T` defines a free function `to_string`.
template <class T>
class has_to_string {
private:
  template <class U>
  static auto sfinae(const U& x) -> decltype(to_string(x));

  static void sfinae(...);

  using result = decltype(sfinae(std::declval<const T&>()));

public:
  static constexpr bool value = std::is_convertible<result, std::string>::value;
};

// pointers are never inspectable
template <class Inspector, class T>
struct is_inspectable<Inspector, T*> : std::false_type {};

template <bool X>
using bool_token = std::integral_constant<bool, X>;

template <int X>
using int_token = std::integral_constant<int, X>;

/// Joins all bool constants using operator &&.
template <bool... BoolConstants>
struct conjunction;

template <>
struct conjunction<> {
  static constexpr bool value = true;
};

template <bool X, bool... Xs>
struct conjunction<X, Xs...> {
  static constexpr bool value = X && conjunction<Xs...>::value;
};

/// Joins all bool constants using operator ||.
template <bool... BoolConstants>
struct disjunction;

template <>
struct disjunction<> {
  static constexpr bool value = false;
};

template <bool X, bool... Xs>
struct disjunction<X, Xs...> {
  static constexpr bool value = X || disjunction<Xs...>::value;
};

/// Checks wheter `X` is in the template parameter pack Ts.
template <class X, class... Ts>
struct is_one_of;

template <class X>
struct is_one_of<X> : std::false_type {};

template <class X, class... Ts>
struct is_one_of<X, X, Ts...> : std::true_type {};

template <class X, typename T0, class... Ts>
struct is_one_of<X, T0, Ts...> : is_one_of<X, Ts...> {};

/// Checks whether `T` is a `std::chrono::duration`.
template <class T>
struct is_duration : std::false_type {};

template <class Period, class Rep>
struct is_duration<std::chrono::duration<Period, Rep>> : std::true_type {};

/// Checks wheter `T` is considered a builtin type.
///
/// Builtin types are: (1) all arithmetic types (including time types), (2)
/// string types from the STL, and (3) built-in types such as `actor_ptr`.
template <class T>
struct is_builtin {
  static constexpr bool value = std::is_arithmetic<T>::value
                                || is_duration<T>::value
                                || is_one_of<T, timestamp, std::string,
                                             std::u16string, std::u32string,
                                             atom_value, message, actor, group,
                                             node_id>::value;
};

/// Chekcs wheter `T` is primitive, i.e., either an arithmetic
///    type or convertible to one of STL's string types.
template <class T>
struct is_primitive {
  static constexpr bool value = std::is_arithmetic<T>::value
                                || std::is_convertible<T, std::string>::value
                                || std::is_convertible<T, std::u16string>::value
                                || std::is_convertible<T, std::u32string>::value
                                || std::is_convertible<T, atom_value>::value;
};

/// Chekcs wheter `T1` is comparable with `T2`.
template <class T1, typename T2>
class is_comparable {
  // SFINAE: If you pass a "bool*" as third argument, then
  //     decltype(cmp_help_fun(...)) is bool if there's an
  //     operator==(A, B) because
  //     cmp_help_fun(A*, B*, bool*) is a better match than
  //     cmp_help_fun(A*, B*, void*). If there's no operator==(A, B)
  //     available, then cmp_help_fun(A*, B*, void*) is the only
  //     candidate and thus decltype(cmp_help_fun(...)) is void.
  template <class A, typename B>
  static bool cmp_help_fun(const A* arg0, const B* arg1,
                           decltype(*arg0 == *arg1)* = nullptr);

  template <class A, typename B>
  static void cmp_help_fun(const A*, const B*, void* = nullptr);

  using result_type = decltype(cmp_help_fun(static_cast<T1*>(nullptr),
                                            static_cast<T2*>(nullptr),
                                            static_cast<bool*>(nullptr)));
public:
  static constexpr bool value = std::is_same<bool, result_type>::value;
};

/// Checks wheter `T` behaves like a forward iterator.
template <class T>
class is_forward_iterator {
  template <class C>
  static bool sfinae(C& x, C& y,
                     // check for operator*
                     decay_t<decltype(*x)>* = nullptr,
                     // check for operator++ returning an iterator
                     decay_t<decltype(x = ++y)>* = nullptr,
                     // check for operator==
                     decay_t<decltype(x == y)>* = nullptr,
                     // check for operator!=
                     decay_t<decltype(x != y)>* = nullptr);

  static void sfinae(...);

  using result_type = decltype(sfinae(std::declval<T&>(), std::declval<T&>()));

public:
  static constexpr bool value = std::is_same<bool, result_type>::value;
};

/// Checks whether `T` has `begin()` and `end()` member
/// functions returning forward iterators.
template <class T>
class is_iterable {
  // this horrible code would just disappear if we had concepts
  template <class C>
  static bool sfinae(C* cc,
                     // check if 'C::begin()' returns a forward iterator
                     enable_if_tt<is_forward_iterator<decltype(cc->begin())>>* = nullptr,
                     // check if begin() and end() both exist and are comparable
                     decltype(cc->begin() != cc->end())* = nullptr);

  // SFNINAE default
  static void sfinae(void*);

  using result_type = decltype(sfinae(static_cast<decay_t<T>*>(nullptr)));

public:
  static constexpr bool value = is_primitive<T>::value == false
                                && std::is_same<bool, result_type>::value;
};

template <class T>
constexpr bool is_iterable<T>::value;

/// Checks whether T is a contiguous sequence of byte.
template <class T>
struct is_byte_sequence : std::false_type { };

template <>
struct is_byte_sequence<std::vector<char>> : std::true_type { };

template <>
struct is_byte_sequence<std::vector<unsigned char>> : std::true_type { };

template <>
struct is_byte_sequence<std::string> : std::true_type { };

/// Checks whether `T` provides either a free function or a member function for
/// serialization. The checks test whether both serialization and
/// deserialization can succeed. The meta function tests the following
/// functions with `Processor` being both `serializer` and `deserializer` and
/// returns an integral constant if and only if the test succeeds for both.
///
/// - `serialize(Processor&, T&, const unsigned int)`
/// - `serialize(Processor&, T&)`
/// - `T::serialize(Processor&, const unsigned int)`.
/// - `T::serialize(Processor&)`.
template <class T,
          bool Ignore = std::is_pointer<T>::value
                        || std::is_function<T>::value>
struct has_serialize {
  template <class U>
  static auto test_serialize(caf::serializer* sink, U* x, unsigned int y = 0)
  -> decltype(serialize(*sink, *x, y));

  template <class U>
  static auto test_serialize(caf::serializer* sink, U* x)
  -> decltype(serialize(*sink, *x));

  template <class>
  static auto test_serialize(...) -> std::false_type;

  template <class U>
  static auto test_deserialize(caf::deserializer* source, U* x, unsigned int y = 0)
  -> decltype(serialize(*source, *x, y));

  template <class U>
  static auto test_deserialize(caf::deserializer* source, U* x)
  -> decltype(serialize(*source, *x));

  template <class>
  static auto test_deserialize(...) -> std::false_type;

  using serialize_type = decltype(test_serialize<T>(nullptr, nullptr));
  using deserialize_type = decltype(test_deserialize<T>(nullptr, nullptr));
  using type = std::integral_constant<
    bool,
    std::is_same<serialize_type, void>::value
    && std::is_same<deserialize_type, void>::value
  >;

  static constexpr bool value = type::value;
};

template <class T>
struct has_serialize<T, true> {
  static constexpr bool value = false;
};

/// Any inspectable type is considered to be serializable.
template <class T>
struct is_serializable;

template <class T,
          bool IsIterable = is_iterable<T>::value,
          bool Ignore = std::is_pointer<T>::value
                        || std::is_function<T>::value>
struct is_serializable_impl;


/// Checks whether `T` is builtin or provides a `serialize`
/// (free or member) function.
template <class T>
struct is_serializable_impl<T, false, false> {
  static constexpr bool value = has_serialize<T>::value
                                || is_inspectable<serializer, T>::value
                                || is_builtin<T>::value;
};

template <class F, class S>
struct is_serializable_impl<std::pair<F, S>, false, false> {
  static constexpr bool value = is_serializable<F>::value
                                && is_serializable<S>::value;
};

template <class... Ts>
struct is_serializable_impl<std::tuple<Ts...>, false, false> {
  static constexpr bool value = conjunction<
                                  is_serializable<Ts>::value...
                                >::value;
};

template <class T>
struct is_serializable_impl<T, true, false> {
  using value_type = typename T::value_type;
  static constexpr bool value = is_serializable<value_type>::value;
};

template <class T, size_t S>
struct is_serializable_impl<T[S], false, false> {
  static constexpr bool value = is_serializable<T>::value;
};

template <class T, bool IsIterable>
struct is_serializable_impl<T, IsIterable, true> {
  static constexpr bool value = false;
};

/// Checks whether `T` is builtin or provides a `serialize`
/// (free or member) function.
template <class T>
struct is_serializable {
  static constexpr bool value = is_serializable_impl<T>::value
                                || is_inspectable<serializer, T>::value
                                || std::is_empty<T>::value
                                || std::is_enum<T>::value;
};

template <>
struct is_serializable<bool> : std::true_type  {
  // nop
};

template <class T>
struct is_serializable<T&> : is_serializable<T> {
  // nop
};

template <class T>
struct is_serializable<const T> : is_serializable<T> {
  // nop
};

template <class T>
struct is_serializable<const T&> : is_serializable<T> {
  // nop
};

/// Checks wheter `T` is a non-const reference.
template <class T>
struct is_mutable_ref : std::false_type { };

template <class T>
struct is_mutable_ref<const T&> : std::false_type { };

template <class T>
struct is_mutable_ref<T&> : std::true_type { };

/// Defines `result_type,` `arg_types,` and `fun_type`. Functor is
///    (a) a member function pointer, (b) a function,
///    (c) a function pointer, (d) an std::function.
///
/// `result_type` is the result type found in the signature.
/// `arg_types` are the argument types as {@link type_list}.
/// `fun_type` is an std::function with an equivalent signature.
template <class Functor>
struct callable_trait;

// good ol' function
template <class R, class... Ts>
struct callable_trait<R (Ts...)> {
  using result_type = R;
  using arg_types = type_list<Ts...>;
  using fun_sig = R (Ts...);
  using fun_type = std::function<R (Ts...)>;
};

// member const function pointer
template <class C, typename R, class... Ts>
struct callable_trait<R (C::*)(Ts...) const> : callable_trait<R (Ts...)> {};

// member function pointer
template <class C, typename R, class... Ts>
struct callable_trait<R (C::*)(Ts...)> : callable_trait<R (Ts...)> {};

// good ol' function pointer
template <class R, class... Ts>
struct callable_trait<R (*)(Ts...)> : callable_trait<R (Ts...)> {};

template <class T>
struct has_apply_operator {
  template <class U>
  static auto sfinae(U*) -> decltype(&U::operator(), std::true_type());

  template <class U>
  static auto sfinae(...) -> std::false_type;

  using type = decltype(sfinae<T>(nullptr));
  static constexpr bool value = type::value;
};

// matches (IsFun || IsMemberFun)
template <class T,
          bool IsFun = std::is_function<T>::value
                       || std::is_function<
                            typename std::remove_pointer<T>::type
                          >::value
                       || std::is_member_function_pointer<T>::value,
          bool HasApplyOp = has_apply_operator<T>::value>
struct get_callable_trait_helper {
  using type = callable_trait<T>;
  using result_type = typename type::result_type;
  using arg_types = typename type::arg_types;
  using fun_type = typename type::fun_type;
  using fun_sig = typename type::fun_sig;
  static constexpr size_t num_args = tl_size<arg_types>::value;
};

// assume functor providing operator()
template <class T>
struct get_callable_trait_helper<T, false, true> {
  using type = callable_trait<decltype(&T::operator())>;
  using result_type = typename type::result_type;
  using arg_types = typename type::arg_types;
  using fun_type = typename type::fun_type;
  using fun_sig = typename type::fun_sig;
  static constexpr size_t num_args = tl_size<arg_types>::value;
};

template <class T>
struct get_callable_trait_helper<T, false, false> {};

/// Gets a callable trait for `T,` where `T` is a function object type,
/// i.e., a function, member function, or a class providing
/// the call operator.
template <class T>
struct get_callable_trait : get_callable_trait_helper<decay_t<T>> {};

/// Checks wheter `T` is a function or member function.
template <class T>
struct is_callable {
  template <class C>
  static bool _fun(C*, typename get_callable_trait<C>::type* = nullptr);

  static void _fun(void*);

  using result_type = decltype(_fun(static_cast<decay_t<T>*>(nullptr)));

public:
  static constexpr bool value = std::is_same<bool, result_type>::value;
};

/// Checks wheter `F` takes mutable references.
///
/// A manipulator is a functor that manipulates its arguments via
/// mutable references.
template <class F>
struct is_manipulator {
  static constexpr bool value =
    tl_exists<typename get_callable_trait<F>::arg_types, is_mutable_ref>::value;
};

/// Gets the Nth element of the template parameter pack `Ts`.
template <size_t N, class... Ts>
struct type_at;

template <size_t N, typename T0, class... Ts>
struct type_at<N, T0, Ts...> {
  using type = typename type_at<N - 1, Ts...>::type;
};

template <class T0, class... Ts>
struct type_at<0, T0, Ts...> {
  using type = T0;
};

// Checks whether T has a member variable named `name`.
template <class T, bool IsScalar = std::is_scalar<T>::value>
class has_name {
private:
  // a simple struct with a member called `name`
  struct fallback {
    int name;
  };

  // creates an ambiguity for any `T` with the requested member
  struct derived : T, fallback {
    // no members
  };

  // picked for any U without requested member since `U::name` is not ambigious
  template <class U>
  static char fun(U*, decltype(U::name)* = nullptr);

  // picked for any U with requested member since `U::name` is ambigious
  static int fun(void*);

public:
  static constexpr bool value = sizeof(fun(static_cast<derived*>(nullptr))) > 1;
};

template <class T>
class has_name<T, true> {
public:
  static constexpr bool value = false;
};

CAF_HAS_MEMBER_TRAIT(size);
CAF_HAS_MEMBER_TRAIT(data);

/// Checks whether T is convertible to either `std::function<void (T&)>`
/// or `std::function<void (const T&)>`.
template <class F, class T>
struct is_handler_for {
  static constexpr bool value =
      std::is_convertible<F, std::function<void (T&)>>::value
      || std::is_convertible<F, std::function<void (const T&)>>::value;
};

template <class T>
struct value_type_of {
  using type = typename T::value_type;
};

template <class T>
struct value_type_of<T*> {
  using type = T;
};

template <class T>
using value_type_of_t = typename value_type_of<T>::type;

template <class T>
using is_callable_t = typename std::enable_if<is_callable<T>::value>::type;

template <class F, class T>
using is_handler_for_ef =
  typename std::enable_if<is_handler_for<F, T>::value>::type;

template <class T>
struct strip_reference_wrapper {
  using type = T;
};

template <class T>
struct strip_reference_wrapper<std::reference_wrapper<T>> {
  using type = T;
};

template <class T>
constexpr bool can_insert_elements_impl(
  T*,
  decltype(std::declval<T&>()
           .insert(std::declval<T&>().end(),
                   std::declval<typename T::value_type>()))* = nullptr) {
  return true;
}

template <class T>
constexpr bool can_insert_elements_impl(void*) {
  return false;
}

template <class T>
constexpr bool can_insert_elements() {
  return can_insert_elements_impl<T>(static_cast<T*>(nullptr));
}

} // namespace detail
} // namespace caf

#endif // CAF_DETAIL_TYPE_TRAITS_HPP
