Some HTML nodes cannot load resources properly, resulting in abnormal display and operation. #1086
Description
Describe the bug
The source code in the attachment below
Similarly, it can be displayed normally locally, in Cherry Studio, or on my website https://vibe.happycoding.tech/2025-07-13/629d837e-e4a5-4a87-ab97-e6754f64ba57.html. However, it cannot be loaded and displayed normally in Refly.