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# Inputs and Readers

Note: Functions taking `Tensor` arguments can also take anything accepted by
[`tf.convert_to_tensor`](framework.md#convert_to_tensor).

[TOC]

## Placeholders

TensorFlow provides a placeholder operation that must be fed with data
on execution.  For more info, see the section on [Feeding
data](../../how_tos/reading_data/index.md#feeding).

- - -

### `tf.placeholder(dtype, shape=None, name=None)` {#placeholder}

Inserts a placeholder for a tensor that will be always fed.

**Important**: This tensor will produce an error if evaluated. Its value must
be fed using the `feed_dict` optional argument to `Session.run()`,
`Tensor.eval()`, or `Operation.run()`.

For example:

```python
x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=(1024, 1024))
y = tf.matmul(x, x)

with tf.Session() as sess:
  print(sess.run(y))  # ERROR: will fail because x was not fed.

  rand_array = np.random.rand(1024, 1024)
  print(sess.run(y, feed_dict={x: rand_array}))  # Will succeed.
```

##### Args:


*  <b>`dtype`</b>: The type of elements in the tensor to be fed.
*  <b>`shape`</b>: The shape of the tensor to be fed (optional). If the shape is not
    specified, you can feed a tensor of any shape.
*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  A `Tensor` that may be used as a handle for feeding a value, but not
  evaluated directly.


- - -

### `tf.placeholder_with_default(input, shape, name=None)` {#placeholder_with_default}

A placeholder op that passes though `input` when its output is not fed.

##### Args:


*  <b>`input`</b>: A `Tensor`. The default value to produce when `output` is not fed.
*  <b>`shape`</b>: A `tf.TensorShape` or list of `ints`.
    The (possibly partial) shape of the tensor.
*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  A `Tensor`. Has the same type as `input`.
  A placeholder tensor that defaults to `input` if it is not fed.



## Readers

TensorFlow provides a set of Reader classes for reading data formats.
For more information on inputs and readers, see [Reading
data](../../how_tos/reading_data/index.md).

- - -

### `class tf.ReaderBase` {#ReaderBase}

Base class for different Reader types, that produce a record every step.

Conceptually, Readers convert string 'work units' into records (key,
value pairs).  Typically the 'work units' are filenames and the
records are extracted from the contents of those files.  We want a
single record produced per step, but a work unit can correspond to
many records.

Therefore we introduce some decoupling using a queue.  The queue
contains the work units and the Reader dequeues from the queue when
it is asked to produce a record (via Read()) but it has finished the
last work unit.
- - -

#### `tf.ReaderBase.__init__(reader_ref, supports_serialize=False)` {#ReaderBase.__init__}

Creates a new ReaderBase.

##### Args:


*  <b>`reader_ref`</b>: The operation that implements the reader.
*  <b>`supports_serialize`</b>: True if the reader implementation can
    serialize its state.


- - -

#### `tf.ReaderBase.num_records_produced(name=None)` {#ReaderBase.num_records_produced}

Returns the number of records this reader has produced.

This is the same as the number of Read executions that have
succeeded.

##### Args:


*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  An int64 Tensor.


- - -

#### `tf.ReaderBase.num_work_units_completed(name=None)` {#ReaderBase.num_work_units_completed}

Returns the number of work units this reader has finished processing.

##### Args:


*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  An int64 Tensor.


- - -

#### `tf.ReaderBase.read(queue, name=None)` {#ReaderBase.read}

Returns the next record (key, value pair) produced by a reader.

Will dequeue a work unit from queue if necessary (e.g. when the
Reader needs to start reading from a new file since it has
finished with the previous file).

##### Args:


*  <b>`queue`</b>: A Queue or a mutable string Tensor representing a handle
    to a Queue, with string work items.
*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  A tuple of Tensors (key, value).

*  <b>`key`</b>: A string scalar Tensor.
*  <b>`value`</b>: A string scalar Tensor.


- - -

#### `tf.ReaderBase.reader_ref` {#ReaderBase.reader_ref}

Op that implements the reader.


- - -

#### `tf.ReaderBase.reset(name=None)` {#ReaderBase.reset}

Restore a reader to its initial clean state.

##### Args:


*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  The created Operation.


- - -

#### `tf.ReaderBase.restore_state(state, name=None)` {#ReaderBase.restore_state}

Restore a reader to a previously saved state.

Not all Readers support being restored, so this can produce an
Unimplemented error.

##### Args:


*  <b>`state`</b>: A string Tensor.
    Result of a SerializeState of a Reader with matching type.
*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  The created Operation.


- - -

#### `tf.ReaderBase.serialize_state(name=None)` {#ReaderBase.serialize_state}

Produce a string tensor that encodes the state of a reader.

Not all Readers support being serialized, so this can produce an
Unimplemented error.

##### Args:


*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  A string Tensor.


- - -

#### `tf.ReaderBase.supports_serialize` {#ReaderBase.supports_serialize}

Whether the Reader implementation can serialize its state.



- - -

### `class tf.TextLineReader` {#TextLineReader}

A Reader that outputs the lines of a file delimited by newlines.

Newlines are stripped from the output.
See ReaderBase for supported methods.
- - -

#### `tf.TextLineReader.__init__(skip_header_lines=None, name=None)` {#TextLineReader.__init__}

Create a TextLineReader.

##### Args:


*  <b>`skip_header_lines`</b>: An optional int. Defaults to 0.  Number of lines
    to skip from the beginning of every file.
*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).


- - -

#### `tf.TextLineReader.num_records_produced(name=None)` {#TextLineReader.num_records_produced}

Returns the number of records this reader has produced.

This is the same as the number of Read executions that have
succeeded.

##### Args:


*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  An int64 Tensor.


- - -

#### `tf.TextLineReader.num_work_units_completed(name=None)` {#TextLineReader.num_work_units_completed}

Returns the number of work units this reader has finished processing.

##### Args:


*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  An int64 Tensor.


- - -

#### `tf.TextLineReader.read(queue, name=None)` {#TextLineReader.read}

Returns the next record (key, value pair) produced by a reader.

Will dequeue a work unit from queue if necessary (e.g. when the
Reader needs to start reading from a new file since it has
finished with the previous file).

##### Args:


*  <b>`queue`</b>: A Queue or a mutable string Tensor representing a handle
    to a Queue, with string work items.
*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  A tuple of Tensors (key, value).

*  <b>`key`</b>: A string scalar Tensor.
*  <b>`value`</b>: A string scalar Tensor.


- - -

#### `tf.TextLineReader.reader_ref` {#TextLineReader.reader_ref}

Op that implements the reader.


- - -

#### `tf.TextLineReader.reset(name=None)` {#TextLineReader.reset}

Restore a reader to its initial clean state.

##### Args:


*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  The created Operation.


- - -

#### `tf.TextLineReader.restore_state(state, name=None)` {#TextLineReader.restore_state}

Restore a reader to a previously saved state.

Not all Readers support being restored, so this can produce an
Unimplemented error.

##### Args:


*  <b>`state`</b>: A string Tensor.
    Result of a SerializeState of a Reader with matching type.
*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  The created Operation.


- - -

#### `tf.TextLineReader.serialize_state(name=None)` {#TextLineReader.serialize_state}

Produce a string tensor that encodes the state of a reader.

Not all Readers support being serialized, so this can produce an
Unimplemented error.

##### Args:


*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  A string Tensor.


- - -

#### `tf.TextLineReader.supports_serialize` {#TextLineReader.supports_serialize}

Whether the Reader implementation can serialize its state.



- - -

### `class tf.WholeFileReader` {#WholeFileReader}

A Reader that outputs the entire contents of a file as a value.

To use, enqueue filenames in a Queue.  The output of Read will
be a filename (key) and the contents of that file (value).

See ReaderBase for supported methods.
- - -

#### `tf.WholeFileReader.__init__(name=None)` {#WholeFileReader.__init__}

Create a WholeFileReader.

##### Args:


*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).


- - -

#### `tf.WholeFileReader.num_records_produced(name=None)` {#WholeFileReader.num_records_produced}

Returns the number of records this reader has produced.

This is the same as the number of Read executions that have
succeeded.

##### Args:


*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  An int64 Tensor.


- - -

#### `tf.WholeFileReader.num_work_units_completed(name=None)` {#WholeFileReader.num_work_units_completed}

Returns the number of work units this reader has finished processing.

##### Args:


*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  An int64 Tensor.


- - -

#### `tf.WholeFileReader.read(queue, name=None)` {#WholeFileReader.read}

Returns the next record (key, value pair) produced by a reader.

Will dequeue a work unit from queue if necessary (e.g. when the
Reader needs to start reading from a new file since it has
finished with the previous file).

##### Args:


*  <b>`queue`</b>: A Queue or a mutable string Tensor representing a handle
    to a Queue, with string work items.
*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  A tuple of Tensors (key, value).

*  <b>`key`</b>: A string scalar Tensor.
*  <b>`value`</b>: A string scalar Tensor.


- - -

#### `tf.WholeFileReader.reader_ref` {#WholeFileReader.reader_ref}

Op that implements the reader.


- - -

#### `tf.WholeFileReader.reset(name=None)` {#WholeFileReader.reset}

Restore a reader to its initial clean state.

##### Args:


*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  The created Operation.


- - -

#### `tf.WholeFileReader.restore_state(state, name=None)` {#WholeFileReader.restore_state}

Restore a reader to a previously saved state.

Not all Readers support being restored, so this can produce an
Unimplemented error.

##### Args:


*  <b>`state`</b>: A string Tensor.
    Result of a SerializeState of a Reader with matching type.
*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  The created Operation.


- - -

#### `tf.WholeFileReader.serialize_state(name=None)` {#WholeFileReader.serialize_state}

Produce a string tensor that encodes the state of a reader.

Not all Readers support being serialized, so this can produce an
Unimplemented error.

##### Args:


*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  A string Tensor.


- - -

#### `tf.WholeFileReader.supports_serialize` {#WholeFileReader.supports_serialize}

Whether the Reader implementation can serialize its state.



- - -

### `class tf.IdentityReader` {#IdentityReader}

A Reader that outputs the queued work as both the key and value.

To use, enqueue strings in a Queue.  Read will take the front
work string and output (work, work).

See ReaderBase for supported methods.
- - -

#### `tf.IdentityReader.__init__(name=None)` {#IdentityReader.__init__}

Create a IdentityReader.

##### Args:


*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).


- - -

#### `tf.IdentityReader.num_records_produced(name=None)` {#IdentityReader.num_records_produced}

Returns the number of records this reader has produced.

This is the same as the number of Read executions that have
succeeded.

##### Args:


*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  An int64 Tensor.


- - -

#### `tf.IdentityReader.num_work_units_completed(name=None)` {#IdentityReader.num_work_units_completed}

Returns the number of work units this reader has finished processing.

##### Args:


*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  An int64 Tensor.


- - -

#### `tf.IdentityReader.read(queue, name=None)` {#IdentityReader.read}

Returns the next record (key, value pair) produced by a reader.

Will dequeue a work unit from queue if necessary (e.g. when the
Reader needs to start reading from a new file since it has
finished with the previous file).

##### Args:


*  <b>`queue`</b>: A Queue or a mutable string Tensor representing a handle
    to a Queue, with string work items.
*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  A tuple of Tensors (key, value).

*  <b>`key`</b>: A string scalar Tensor.
*  <b>`value`</b>: A string scalar Tensor.


- - -

#### `tf.IdentityReader.reader_ref` {#IdentityReader.reader_ref}

Op that implements the reader.


- - -

#### `tf.IdentityReader.reset(name=None)` {#IdentityReader.reset}

Restore a reader to its initial clean state.

##### Args:


*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  The created Operation.


- - -

#### `tf.IdentityReader.restore_state(state, name=None)` {#IdentityReader.restore_state}

Restore a reader to a previously saved state.

Not all Readers support being restored, so this can produce an
Unimplemented error.

##### Args:


*  <b>`state`</b>: A string Tensor.
    Result of a SerializeState of a Reader with matching type.
*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  The created Operation.


- - -

#### `tf.IdentityReader.serialize_state(name=None)` {#IdentityReader.serialize_state}

Produce a string tensor that encodes the state of a reader.

Not all Readers support being serialized, so this can produce an
Unimplemented error.

##### Args:


*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  A string Tensor.


- - -

#### `tf.IdentityReader.supports_serialize` {#IdentityReader.supports_serialize}

Whether the Reader implementation can serialize its state.



- - -

### `class tf.TFRecordReader` {#TFRecordReader}

A Reader that outputs the records from a TFRecords file.

See ReaderBase for supported methods.
- - -

#### `tf.TFRecordReader.__init__(name=None)` {#TFRecordReader.__init__}

Create a TFRecordReader.

##### Args:


*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).


- - -

#### `tf.TFRecordReader.num_records_produced(name=None)` {#TFRecordReader.num_records_produced}

Returns the number of records this reader has produced.

This is the same as the number of Read executions that have
succeeded.

##### Args:


*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  An int64 Tensor.


- - -

#### `tf.TFRecordReader.num_work_units_completed(name=None)` {#TFRecordReader.num_work_units_completed}

Returns the number of work units this reader has finished processing.

##### Args:


*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  An int64 Tensor.


- - -

#### `tf.TFRecordReader.read(queue, name=None)` {#TFRecordReader.read}

Returns the next record (key, value pair) produced by a reader.

Will dequeue a work unit from queue if necessary (e.g. when the
Reader needs to start reading from a new file since it has
finished with the previous file).

##### Args:


*  <b>`queue`</b>: A Queue or a mutable string Tensor representing a handle
    to a Queue, with string work items.
*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  A tuple of Tensors (key, value).

*  <b>`key`</b>: A string scalar Tensor.
*  <b>`value`</b>: A string scalar Tensor.


- - -

#### `tf.TFRecordReader.reader_ref` {#TFRecordReader.reader_ref}

Op that implements the reader.


- - -

#### `tf.TFRecordReader.reset(name=None)` {#TFRecordReader.reset}

Restore a reader to its initial clean state.

##### Args:


*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  The created Operation.


- - -

#### `tf.TFRecordReader.restore_state(state, name=None)` {#TFRecordReader.restore_state}

Restore a reader to a previously saved state.

Not all Readers support being restored, so this can produce an
Unimplemented error.

##### Args:


*  <b>`state`</b>: A string Tensor.
    Result of a SerializeState of a Reader with matching type.
*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  The created Operation.


- - -

#### `tf.TFRecordReader.serialize_state(name=None)` {#TFRecordReader.serialize_state}

Produce a string tensor that encodes the state of a reader.

Not all Readers support being serialized, so this can produce an
Unimplemented error.

##### Args:


*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  A string Tensor.


- - -

#### `tf.TFRecordReader.supports_serialize` {#TFRecordReader.supports_serialize}

Whether the Reader implementation can serialize its state.



- - -

### `class tf.FixedLengthRecordReader` {#FixedLengthRecordReader}

A Reader that outputs fixed-length records from a file.

See ReaderBase for supported methods.
- - -

#### `tf.FixedLengthRecordReader.__init__(record_bytes, header_bytes=None, footer_bytes=None, name=None)` {#FixedLengthRecordReader.__init__}

Create a FixedLengthRecordReader.

##### Args:


*  <b>`record_bytes`</b>: An int.
*  <b>`header_bytes`</b>: An optional int. Defaults to 0.
*  <b>`footer_bytes`</b>: An optional int. Defaults to 0.
*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).


- - -

#### `tf.FixedLengthRecordReader.num_records_produced(name=None)` {#FixedLengthRecordReader.num_records_produced}

Returns the number of records this reader has produced.

This is the same as the number of Read executions that have
succeeded.

##### Args:


*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  An int64 Tensor.


- - -

#### `tf.FixedLengthRecordReader.num_work_units_completed(name=None)` {#FixedLengthRecordReader.num_work_units_completed}

Returns the number of work units this reader has finished processing.

##### Args:


*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  An int64 Tensor.


- - -

#### `tf.FixedLengthRecordReader.read(queue, name=None)` {#FixedLengthRecordReader.read}

Returns the next record (key, value pair) produced by a reader.

Will dequeue a work unit from queue if necessary (e.g. when the
Reader needs to start reading from a new file since it has
finished with the previous file).

##### Args:


*  <b>`queue`</b>: A Queue or a mutable string Tensor representing a handle
    to a Queue, with string work items.
*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  A tuple of Tensors (key, value).

*  <b>`key`</b>: A string scalar Tensor.
*  <b>`value`</b>: A string scalar Tensor.


- - -

#### `tf.FixedLengthRecordReader.reader_ref` {#FixedLengthRecordReader.reader_ref}

Op that implements the reader.


- - -

#### `tf.FixedLengthRecordReader.reset(name=None)` {#FixedLengthRecordReader.reset}

Restore a reader to its initial clean state.

##### Args:


*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  The created Operation.


- - -

#### `tf.FixedLengthRecordReader.restore_state(state, name=None)` {#FixedLengthRecordReader.restore_state}

Restore a reader to a previously saved state.

Not all Readers support being restored, so this can produce an
Unimplemented error.

##### Args:


*  <b>`state`</b>: A string Tensor.
    Result of a SerializeState of a Reader with matching type.
*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  The created Operation.


- - -

#### `tf.FixedLengthRecordReader.serialize_state(name=None)` {#FixedLengthRecordReader.serialize_state}

Produce a string tensor that encodes the state of a reader.

Not all Readers support being serialized, so this can produce an
Unimplemented error.

##### Args:


*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  A string Tensor.


- - -

#### `tf.FixedLengthRecordReader.supports_serialize` {#FixedLengthRecordReader.supports_serialize}

Whether the Reader implementation can serialize its state.




## Converting

TensorFlow provides several operations that you can use to convert various data
formats into tensors.

- - -

### `tf.decode_csv(records, record_defaults, field_delim=None, name=None)` {#decode_csv}

Convert CSV records to tensors. Each column maps to one tensor.

RFC 4180 format is expected for the CSV records.
(https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4180)
Note that we allow leading and trailing spaces with int or float field.

##### Args:


*  <b>`records`</b>: A `Tensor` of type `string`.
    Each string is a record/row in the csv and all records should have
    the same format.
*  <b>`record_defaults`</b>: A list of `Tensor` objects with types from: `float32`, `int32`, `int64`, `string`.
    One tensor per column of the input record, with either a
    scalar default value for that column or empty if the column is required.
*  <b>`field_delim`</b>: An optional `string`. Defaults to `","`.
    delimiter to separate fields in a record.
*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  A list of `Tensor` objects. Has the same type as `record_defaults`.
  Each tensor will have the same shape as records.


- - -

### `tf.decode_raw(bytes, out_type, little_endian=None, name=None)` {#decode_raw}

Reinterpret the bytes of a string as a vector of numbers.

##### Args:


*  <b>`bytes`</b>: A `Tensor` of type `string`.
    All the elements must have the same length.
*  <b>`out_type`</b>: A `tf.DType` from: `tf.float32, tf.float64, tf.int32, tf.uint8, tf.int16, tf.int8, tf.int64`.
*  <b>`little_endian`</b>: An optional `bool`. Defaults to `True`.
    Whether the input `bytes` are in little-endian order.
    Ignored for `out_type` values that are stored in a single byte like
    `uint8`.
*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  A `Tensor` of type `out_type`.
  A Tensor with one more dimension than the input `bytes`.  The
  added dimension will have size equal to the length of the elements
  of `bytes` divided by the number of bytes to represent `out_type`.



- - -

### Example protocol buffer

TensorFlow's [recommended format for training
examples](../../how_tos/reading_data/index.md#standard-tensorflow-format)
is serialized `Example` protocol buffers, [described
here](https://www.tensorflow.org/code/tensorflow/core/example/example.proto).
They contain `Features`, [described
here](https://www.tensorflow.org/code/tensorflow/core/example/feature.proto).

- - -

### `class tf.VarLenFeature` {#VarLenFeature}

Configuration for parsing a variable-length input feature.

Fields:
  dtype: Data type of input.
- - -

#### `tf.VarLenFeature.dtype` {#VarLenFeature.dtype}

Alias for field number 0



- - -

### `class tf.FixedLenFeature` {#FixedLenFeature}

Configuration for parsing a fixed-length input feature.

To treat sparse input as dense, provide a `default_value`; otherwise,
the parse functions will fail on any examples missing this feature.

Fields:
  shape: Shape of input data.
  dtype: Data type of input.
  default_value: Value to be used if an example is missing this feature. It
      must be compatible with `dtype`.
- - -

#### `tf.FixedLenFeature.default_value` {#FixedLenFeature.default_value}

Alias for field number 2


- - -

#### `tf.FixedLenFeature.dtype` {#FixedLenFeature.dtype}

Alias for field number 1


- - -

#### `tf.FixedLenFeature.shape` {#FixedLenFeature.shape}

Alias for field number 0



- - -

### `class tf.FixedLenSequenceFeature` {#FixedLenSequenceFeature}

Configuration for a dense input feature in a sequence item.

To treat a sparse input as dense, provide `allow_missing=True`; otherwise,
the parse functions will fail on any examples missing this feature.

Fields:
  shape: Shape of input data.
  dtype: Data type of input.
  allow_missing: Whether to allow this feature to be missing from a feature
    list item.
- - -

#### `tf.FixedLenSequenceFeature.allow_missing` {#FixedLenSequenceFeature.allow_missing}

Alias for field number 2


- - -

#### `tf.FixedLenSequenceFeature.dtype` {#FixedLenSequenceFeature.dtype}

Alias for field number 1


- - -

#### `tf.FixedLenSequenceFeature.shape` {#FixedLenSequenceFeature.shape}

Alias for field number 0



- - -

### `tf.parse_example(serialized, features, name=None, example_names=None)` {#parse_example}

Parses `Example` protos into a `dict` of tensors.

Parses a number of serialized [`Example`]
(https://www.tensorflow.org/code/tensorflow/core/example/example.proto)
protos given in `serialized`.

`example_names` may contain descriptive names for the corresponding serialized
protos. These may be useful for debugging purposes, but they have no effect on
the output. If not `None`, `example_names` must be the same length as `serialized`.

This op parses serialized examples into a dictionary mapping keys to `Tensor`
and `SparseTensor` objects. `features` is a dict from keys to `VarLenFeature`
and `FixedLenFeature` objects. Each `VarLenFeature` is mapped to a
`SparseTensor`, and each `FixedLenFeature` is mapped to a `Tensor`.

Each `VarLenFeature` maps to a `SparseTensor` of the specified type
representing a ragged matrix. Its indices are `[batch, index]` where `batch`
is the batch entry the value is from in `serialized`, and `index` is the
value's index in the list of values associated with that feature and example.

Each `FixedLenFeature` `df` maps to a `Tensor` of the specified type (or
`tf.float32` if not specified) and shape `(serialized.size(),) + df.shape`.

`FixedLenFeature` entries with a `default_value` are optional. With no default
value, we will fail if that `Feature` is missing from any example in
`serialized`.

Examples:

For example, if one expects a `tf.float32` sparse feature `ft` and three
serialized `Example`s are provided:

```
serialized = [
  features
    { feature { key: "ft" value { float_list { value: [1.0, 2.0] } } } },
  features
    { feature []},
  features
    { feature { key: "ft" value { float_list { value: [3.0] } } }
]
```

then the output will look like:

```
{"ft": SparseTensor(indices=[[0, 0], [0, 1], [2, 0]],
                    values=[1.0, 2.0, 3.0],
                    shape=(3, 2)) }
```

Given two `Example` input protos in `serialized`:

```
[
  features {
    feature { key: "kw" value { bytes_list { value: [ "knit", "big" ] } } }
    feature { key: "gps" value { float_list { value: [] } } }
  },
  features {
    feature { key: "kw" value { bytes_list { value: [ "emmy" ] } } }
    feature { key: "dank" value { int64_list { value: [ 42 ] } } }
    feature { key: "gps" value { } }
  }
]
```

And arguments

```
example_names: ["input0", "input1"],
features: {
    "kw": VarLenFeature(tf.string),
    "dank": VarLenFeature(tf.int64),
    "gps": VarLenFeature(tf.float),
}
```

Then the output is a dictionary:

```python
{
  "kw": SparseTensor(
      indices=[[0, 0], [0, 1], [1, 0]],
      values=["knit", "big", "emmy"]
      shape=[2, 2]),
  "dank": SparseTensor(
      indices=[[1, 0]],
      values=[42],
      shape=[2, 1]),
  "gps": SparseTensor(
      indices=[],
      values=[],
      shape=[2, 0]),
}
```

For dense results in two serialized `Example`s:

```
[
  features {
    feature { key: "age" value { int64_list { value: [ 0 ] } } }
    feature { key: "gender" value { bytes_list { value: [ "f" ] } } }
   },
   features {
    feature { key: "age" value { int64_list { value: [] } } }
    feature { key: "gender" value { bytes_list { value: [ "f" ] } } }
  }
]
```

We can use arguments:

```
example_names: ["input0", "input1"],
features: {
    "age": FixedLenFeature([], dtype=tf.int64, default_value=-1),
    "gender": FixedLenFeature([], dtype=tf.string),
}
```

And the expected output is:

```python
{
  "age": [[0], [-1]],
  "gender": [["f"], ["f"]],
}
```

##### Args:


*  <b>`serialized`</b>: A vector (1-D Tensor) of strings, a batch of binary
    serialized `Example` protos.
*  <b>`features`</b>: A `dict` mapping feature keys to `FixedLenFeature` or
    `VarLenFeature` values.
*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for this operation (optional).
*  <b>`example_names`</b>: A vector (1-D Tensor) of strings (optional), the names of
    the serialized protos in the batch.

##### Returns:

  A `dict` mapping feature keys to `Tensor` and `SparseTensor` values.

##### Raises:


*  <b>`ValueError`</b>: if any feature is invalid.


- - -

### `tf.parse_single_example(serialized, features, name=None, example_names=None)` {#parse_single_example}

Parses a single `Example` proto.

Similar to `parse_example`, except:

For dense tensors, the returned `Tensor` is identical to the output of
`parse_example`, except there is no batch dimension, the output shape is the
same as the shape given in `dense_shape`.

For `SparseTensor`s, the first (batch) column of the indices matrix is removed
(the indices matrix is a column vector), the values vector is unchanged, and
the first (`batch_size`) entry of the shape vector is removed (it is now a
single element vector).

##### Args:


*  <b>`serialized`</b>: A scalar string Tensor, a single serialized Example.
    See `_parse_single_example_raw` documentation for more details.
*  <b>`features`</b>: A `dict` mapping feature keys to `FixedLenFeature` or
    `VarLenFeature` values.
*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for this operation (optional).
*  <b>`example_names`</b>: (Optional) A scalar string Tensor, the associated name.
    See `_parse_single_example_raw` documentation for more details.

##### Returns:

  A `dict` mapping feature keys to `Tensor` and `SparseTensor` values.

##### Raises:


*  <b>`ValueError`</b>: if any feature is invalid.


- - -

### `tf.decode_json_example(json_examples, name=None)` {#decode_json_example}

Convert JSON-encoded Example records to binary protocol buffer strings.

This op translates a tensor containing Example records, encoded using
the [standard JSON
mapping](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/proto3#json),
into a tensor containing the same records encoded as binary protocol
buffers. The resulting tensor can then be fed to any of the other
Example-parsing ops.

##### Args:


*  <b>`json_examples`</b>: A `Tensor` of type `string`.
    Each string is a JSON object serialized according to the JSON
    mapping of the Example proto.
*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  A `Tensor` of type `string`.
  Each string is a binary Example protocol buffer corresponding
  to the respective element of `json_examples`.



## Queues

TensorFlow provides several implementations of 'Queues', which are
structures within the TensorFlow computation graph to stage pipelines
of tensors together. The following describe the basic Queue interface
and some implementations.  To see an example use, see [Threading and
Queues](../../how_tos/threading_and_queues/index.md).

- - -

### `class tf.QueueBase` {#QueueBase}

Base class for queue implementations.

A queue is a TensorFlow data structure that stores tensors across
multiple steps, and exposes operations that enqueue and dequeue
tensors.

Each queue element is a tuple of one or more tensors, where each
tuple component has a static dtype, and may have a static shape. The
queue implementations support versions of enqueue and dequeue that
handle single elements, versions that support enqueuing and
dequeuing a batch of elements at once.

See [`tf.FIFOQueue`](#FIFOQueue) and
[`tf.RandomShuffleQueue`](#RandomShuffleQueue) for concrete
implementations of this class, and instructions on how to create
them.

- - -

#### `tf.QueueBase.enqueue(vals, name=None)` {#QueueBase.enqueue}

Enqueues one element to this queue.

If the queue is full when this operation executes, it will block
until the element has been enqueued.

##### Args:


*  <b>`vals`</b>: The tuple of `Tensor` objects to be enqueued.
*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  The operation that enqueues a new tuple of tensors to the queue.


- - -

#### `tf.QueueBase.enqueue_many(vals, name=None)` {#QueueBase.enqueue_many}

Enqueues zero or more elements to this queue.

This operation slices each component tensor along the 0th dimension to
make multiple queue elements. All of the tensors in `vals` must have the
same size in the 0th dimension.

If the queue is full when this operation executes, it will block
until all of the elements have been enqueued.

##### Args:


*  <b>`vals`</b>: The tensor or tuple of tensors from which the queue elements
    are taken.
*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  The operation that enqueues a batch of tuples of tensors to the queue.



- - -

#### `tf.QueueBase.dequeue(name=None)` {#QueueBase.dequeue}

Dequeues one element from this queue.

If the queue is empty when this operation executes, it will block
until there is an element to dequeue.

##### Args:


*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  The tuple of tensors that was dequeued.


- - -

#### `tf.QueueBase.dequeue_many(n, name=None)` {#QueueBase.dequeue_many}

Dequeues and concatenates `n` elements from this queue.

This operation concatenates queue-element component tensors along
the 0th dimension to make a single component tensor.  All of the
components in the dequeued tuple will have size `n` in the 0th dimension.

If the queue contains fewer than `n` elements when this operation
executes, it will block until `n` elements have been dequeued.

##### Args:


*  <b>`n`</b>: A scalar `Tensor` containing the number of elements to dequeue.
*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  The tuple of concatenated tensors that was dequeued.



- - -

#### `tf.QueueBase.size(name=None)` {#QueueBase.size}

Compute the number of elements in this queue.

##### Args:


*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  A scalar tensor containing the number of elements in this queue.



- - -

#### `tf.QueueBase.close(cancel_pending_enqueues=False, name=None)` {#QueueBase.close}

Closes this queue.

This operation signals that no more elements will be enqueued in
the given queue. Subsequent `enqueue` and `enqueue_many`
operations will fail. Subsequent `dequeue` and `dequeue_many`
operations will continue to succeed if sufficient elements remain
in the queue. Subsequent `dequeue` and `dequeue_many` operations
that would block will fail immediately.

If `cancel_pending_enqueues` is `True`, all pending requests will also
be cancelled.

##### Args:


*  <b>`cancel_pending_enqueues`</b>: (Optional.) A boolean, defaulting to
    `False` (described above).
*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  The operation that closes the queue.



#### Other Methods
- - -

#### `tf.QueueBase.__init__(dtypes, shapes, queue_ref)` {#QueueBase.__init__}

Constructs a queue object from a queue reference.

##### Args:


*  <b>`dtypes`</b>: A list of types.  The length of dtypes must equal the number
    of tensors in each element.
*  <b>`shapes`</b>: Constraints on the shapes of tensors in an element:
    A list of shape tuples or None. This list is the same length
    as dtypes.  If the shape of any tensors in the element are constrained,
    all must be; shapes can be None if the shapes should not be constrained.
*  <b>`queue_ref`</b>: The queue reference, i.e. the output of the queue op.


- - -

#### `tf.QueueBase.dtypes` {#QueueBase.dtypes}

The list of dtypes for each component of a queue element.


- - -

#### `tf.QueueBase.from_list(index, queues)` {#QueueBase.from_list}

Create a queue using the queue reference from `queues[index]`.

##### Args:


*  <b>`index`</b>: An integer scalar tensor that determines the input that gets
    selected.
*  <b>`queues`</b>: A list of `QueueBase` objects.

##### Returns:

  A `QueueBase` object.

##### Raises:


*  <b>`TypeError`</b>: When `queues` is not a list of `QueueBase` objects,
    or when the data types of `queues` are not all the same.


- - -

#### `tf.QueueBase.name` {#QueueBase.name}

The name of the underlying queue.


- - -

#### `tf.QueueBase.queue_ref` {#QueueBase.queue_ref}

The underlying queue reference.



- - -

### `class tf.FIFOQueue` {#FIFOQueue}

A queue implementation that dequeues elements in first-in-first out order.

See [`tf.QueueBase`](#QueueBase) for a description of the methods on
this class.

- - -

#### `tf.FIFOQueue.__init__(capacity, dtypes, shapes=None, shared_name=None, name='fifo_queue')` {#FIFOQueue.__init__}

Creates a queue that dequeues elements in a first-in first-out order.

A `FIFOQueue` has bounded capacity; supports multiple concurrent
producers and consumers; and provides exactly-once delivery.

A `FIFOQueue` holds a list of up to `capacity` elements. Each
element is a fixed-length tuple of tensors whose dtypes are
described by `dtypes`, and whose shapes are optionally described
by the `shapes` argument.

If the `shapes` argument is specified, each component of a queue
element must have the respective fixed shape. If it is
unspecified, different queue elements may have different shapes,
but the use of `dequeue_many` is disallowed.

##### Args:


*  <b>`capacity`</b>: An integer. The upper bound on the number of elements
    that may be stored in this queue.
*  <b>`dtypes`</b>: A list of `DType` objects. The length of `dtypes` must equal
    the number of tensors in each queue element.
*  <b>`shapes`</b>: (Optional.) A list of fully-defined `TensorShape` objects,
    with the same length as `dtypes` or `None`.
*  <b>`shared_name`</b>: (Optional.) If non-empty, this queue will be shared under
    the given name across multiple sessions.
*  <b>`name`</b>: Optional name for the queue operation.



- - -

### `class tf.RandomShuffleQueue` {#RandomShuffleQueue}

A queue implementation that dequeues elements in a random order.

See [`tf.QueueBase`](#QueueBase) for a description of the methods on
this class.

- - -

#### `tf.RandomShuffleQueue.__init__(capacity, min_after_dequeue, dtypes, shapes=None, seed=None, shared_name=None, name='random_shuffle_queue')` {#RandomShuffleQueue.__init__}

Create a queue that dequeues elements in a random order.

A `RandomShuffleQueue` has bounded capacity; supports multiple
concurrent producers and consumers; and provides exactly-once
delivery.

A `RandomShuffleQueue` holds a list of up to `capacity`
elements. Each element is a fixed-length tuple of tensors whose
dtypes are described by `dtypes`, and whose shapes are optionally
described by the `shapes` argument.

If the `shapes` argument is specified, each component of a queue
element must have the respective fixed shape. If it is
unspecified, different queue elements may have different shapes,
but the use of `dequeue_many` is disallowed.

The `min_after_dequeue` argument allows the caller to specify a
minimum number of elements that will remain in the queue after a
`dequeue` or `dequeue_many` operation completes, to ensure a
minimum level of mixing of elements. This invariant is maintained
by blocking those operations until sufficient elements have been
enqueued. The `min_after_dequeue` argument is ignored after the
queue has been closed.

##### Args:


*  <b>`capacity`</b>: An integer. The upper bound on the number of elements
    that may be stored in this queue.
*  <b>`min_after_dequeue`</b>: An integer (described above).
*  <b>`dtypes`</b>: A list of `DType` objects. The length of `dtypes` must equal
    the number of tensors in each queue element.
*  <b>`shapes`</b>: (Optional.) A list of fully-defined `TensorShape` objects,
    with the same length as `dtypes` or `None`.
*  <b>`seed`</b>: A Python integer. Used to create a random seed. See
    [`set_random_seed`](../../api_docs/python/constant_op.md#set_random_seed)
    for behavior.
*  <b>`shared_name`</b>: (Optional.) If non-empty, this queue will be shared under
    the given name across multiple sessions.
*  <b>`name`</b>: Optional name for the queue operation.




## Dealing with the filesystem

- - -

### `tf.matching_files(pattern, name=None)` {#matching_files}

Returns the set of files matching a pattern.

Note that this routine only supports wildcard characters in the
basename portion of the pattern, not in the directory portion.

##### Args:


*  <b>`pattern`</b>: A `Tensor` of type `string`. A (scalar) shell wildcard pattern.
*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  A `Tensor` of type `string`. A vector of matching filenames.


- - -

### `tf.read_file(filename, name=None)` {#read_file}

Reads and outputs the entire contents of the input filename.

##### Args:


*  <b>`filename`</b>: A `Tensor` of type `string`.
*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operation (optional).

##### Returns:

  A `Tensor` of type `string`.



## Input pipeline

TensorFlow functions for setting up an input-prefetching pipeline.
Please see the [reading data how-to](../../how_tos/reading_data/index.md)
for context.

### Beginning of an input pipeline

The "producer" functions add a queue to the graph and a corresponding
`QueueRunner` for running the subgraph that fills that queue.

- - -

### `tf.train.match_filenames_once(pattern, name=None)` {#match_filenames_once}

Save the list of files matching pattern, so it is only computed once.

##### Args:


*  <b>`pattern`</b>: A file pattern (glob).
*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operations (optional).

##### Returns:

  A variable that is initialized to the list of files matching pattern.


- - -

### `tf.train.limit_epochs(tensor, num_epochs=None, name=None)` {#limit_epochs}

Returns tensor `num_epochs` times and then raises an `OutOfRange` error.

##### Args:


*  <b>`tensor`</b>: Any `Tensor`.
*  <b>`num_epochs`</b>: A positive integer (optional).  If specified, limits the number
    of steps the output tensor may be evaluated.
*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operations (optional).

##### Returns:

  tensor or `OutOfRange`.

##### Raises:


*  <b>`ValueError`</b>: if `num_epochs` is invalid.


- - -

### `tf.train.input_producer(input_tensor, element_shape=None, num_epochs=None, shuffle=True, seed=None, capacity=32, shared_name=None, summary_name=None, name=None)` {#input_producer}

Output the rows of `input_tensor` to a queue for an input pipeline.

##### Args:


*  <b>`input_tensor`</b>: A tensor with the rows to produce. Must be at
    one-dimensional. Must either have a fully-defined shape, or
    `element_shape` must be defined.
*  <b>`element_shape`</b>: (Optional.) A `TensorShape` representing the shape of a
    row of `input_tensor`, if it cannot be inferred.
*  <b>`num_epochs`</b>: (Optional.) An integer. If specified `input_producer` produces
    each row of `input_tensor` `num_epochs` times before generating an
    `OutOfRange` error. If not specified, `input_producer` can cycle through
    the rows of `input_tensor` an unlimited number of times.
*  <b>`shuffle`</b>: (Optional.) A boolean. If true, the rows are randomly shuffled
    within each eopch.
*  <b>`seed`</b>: (Optional.) An integer. The seed to use if `shuffle` is true.
*  <b>`capacity`</b>: (Optional.) The capacity of the queue to be used for buffering
    the input.
*  <b>`shared_name`</b>: (Optional.) If set, this queue will be shared under the given
    name across multiple sessions.
*  <b>`summary_name`</b>: (Optional.) If set, a scalar summary for the current queue
    size will be generated, using this name as part of the tag.
*  <b>`name`</b>: (Optional.) A name for queue.

##### Returns:

  A queue with the output rows.  A `QueueRunner` for the queue is
  added to the current `QUEUE_RUNNER` collection of the current
  graph.

##### Raises:


*  <b>`ValueError`</b>: If the shape of the input cannot be inferred from the arguments.


- - -

### `tf.train.range_input_producer(limit, num_epochs=None, shuffle=True, seed=None, capacity=32, shared_name=None, name=None)` {#range_input_producer}

Produces the integers from 0 to limit-1 in a queue.

##### Args:


*  <b>`limit`</b>: An int32 scalar tensor.
*  <b>`num_epochs`</b>: An integer (optional). If specified, `range_input_producer`
    produces each integer `num_epochs` times before generating an
    OutOfRange error. If not specified, `range_input_producer` can cycle
    through the integers an unlimited number of times.
*  <b>`shuffle`</b>: Boolean. If true, the integers are randomly shuffled within each
    epoch.
*  <b>`seed`</b>: An integer (optional). Seed used if shuffle == True.
*  <b>`capacity`</b>: An integer. Sets the queue capacity.
*  <b>`shared_name`</b>: (optional). If set, this queue will be shared under the given
    name across multiple sessions.
*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operations (optional).

##### Returns:

  A Queue with the output integers.  A `QueueRunner` for the Queue
  is added to the current `Graph`'s `QUEUE_RUNNER` collection.


- - -

### `tf.train.slice_input_producer(tensor_list, num_epochs=None, shuffle=True, seed=None, capacity=32, shared_name=None, name=None)` {#slice_input_producer}

Produces a slice of each `Tensor` in `tensor_list`.

Implemented using a Queue -- a `QueueRunner` for the Queue
is added to the current `Graph`'s `QUEUE_RUNNER` collection.

##### Args:


*  <b>`tensor_list`</b>: A list of `Tensor` objects. Every `Tensor` in
    `tensor_list` must have the same size in the first dimension.
*  <b>`num_epochs`</b>: An integer (optional). If specified, `slice_input_producer`
    produces each slice `num_epochs` times before generating
    an `OutOfRange` error. If not specified, `slice_input_producer` can cycle
    through the slices an unlimited number of times.
*  <b>`shuffle`</b>: Boolean. If true, the integers are randomly shuffled within each
    epoch.
*  <b>`seed`</b>: An integer (optional). Seed used if shuffle == True.
*  <b>`capacity`</b>: An integer. Sets the queue capacity.
*  <b>`shared_name`</b>: (optional). If set, this queue will be shared under the given
    name across multiple sessions.
*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operations (optional).

##### Returns:

  A list of tensors, one for each element of `tensor_list`.  If the tensor
  in `tensor_list` has shape `[N, a, b, .., z]`, then the corresponding output
  tensor will have shape `[a, b, ..., z]`.

##### Raises:


*  <b>`ValueError`</b>: if `slice_input_producer` produces nothing from `tensor_list`.


- - -

### `tf.train.string_input_producer(string_tensor, num_epochs=None, shuffle=True, seed=None, capacity=32, shared_name=None, name=None)` {#string_input_producer}

Output strings (e.g. filenames) to a queue for an input pipeline.

##### Args:


*  <b>`string_tensor`</b>: A 1-D string tensor with the strings to produce.
*  <b>`num_epochs`</b>: An integer (optional). If specified, `string_input_producer`
    produces each string from `string_tensor` `num_epochs` times before
    generating an `OutOfRange` error. If not specified,
    `string_input_producer` can cycle through the strings in `string_tensor`
    an unlimited number of times.
*  <b>`shuffle`</b>: Boolean. If true, the strings are randomly shuffled within each
    epoch.
*  <b>`seed`</b>: An integer (optional). Seed used if shuffle == True.
*  <b>`capacity`</b>: An integer. Sets the queue capacity.
*  <b>`shared_name`</b>: (optional). If set, this queue will be shared under the given
    name across multiple sessions.
*  <b>`name`</b>: A name for the operations (optional).

##### Returns:

  A queue with the output strings.  A `QueueRunner` for the Queue
  is added to the current `Graph`'s `QUEUE_RUNNER` collection.

##### Raises:


*  <b>`ValueError`</b>: If the string_tensor is a null Python list.  At runtime,
  will fail with an assertion if string_tensor becomes a null tensor.



### Batching at the end of an input pipeline

These functions add a queue to the graph to assemble a batch of
examples, with possible shuffling.  They also add a `QueueRunner` for
running the subgraph that fills that queue.

Use [`batch`](#batch) or [`batch_join`](#batch_join) for batching
examples that have already been well shuffled.  Use
[`shuffle_batch`](#shuffle_batch) or
[`shuffle_batch_join`](#shuffle_batch_join) for examples that would
benefit from additional shuffling.

Use [`batch`](#batch) or [`shuffle_batch`](#shuffle_batch) if you want a
single thread producing examples to batch, or if you have a
single subgraph producing examples but you want to run it in *N* threads
(where you increase *N* until it can keep the queue full).  Use
[`batch_join`](#batch_join) or [`shuffle_batch_join`](#shuffle_batch_join)
if you have *N* different subgraphs producing examples to batch and you
want them run by *N* threads.

- - -

### `tf.train.batch(tensor_list, batch_size, num_threads=1, capacity=32, enqueue_many=False, shapes=None, dynamic_pad=False, shared_name=None, name=None)` {#batch}

Creates batches of tensors in `tensor_list`.

This function is implemented using a queue. A `QueueRunner` for the
queue is added to the current `Graph`'s `QUEUE_RUNNER` collection.

If `enqueue_many` is `False`, `tensor_list` is assumed to represent a
single example.  An input tensor with shape `[x, y, z]` will be output
as a tensor with shape `[batch_size, x, y, z]`.

If `enqueue_many` is `True`, `tensor_list` is assumed to represent a
batch of examples, where the first dimension is indexed by example,
and all members of `tensor_list` should have the same size in the
first dimension.  If an input tensor has shape `[*, x, y, z]`, the
output will have shape `[batch_size, x, y, z]`.  The `capacity` argument
controls the how long the prefetching is allowed to grow the queues.

The returned operation is a dequeue operation and will throw
`tf.errors.OutOfRangeError` if the input queue is exhausted. If this
operation is feeding another input queue, its queue runner will catch
this exception, however, if this operation is used in your main thread
you are responsible for catching this yourself.

*N.B.:* If `dynamic_pad` is `False`, you must ensure that either
(i) the `shapes` argument is passed, or (ii) all of the tensors in
`tensor_list` must have fully-defined shapes. `ValueError` will be
raised if neither of these conditions holds.

If `dynamic_pad` is `True`, it is sufficient that the *rank* of the
tensors is known, but individual dimensions may have shape `None`.
In this case, for each enqueue the dimensions with value `None`
may have a variable length; upon dequeue, the output tensors will be padded
on the right to the maximum shape of the tensors in the current minibatch.
For numbers, this padding takes value 0.  For strings, this padding is
the empty string.  See `PaddingFIFOQueue` for more info.

##### Args:


*  <b>`tensor_list`</b>: The list of tensors to enqueue.
*  <b>`batch_size`</b>: The new batch size pulled from the queue.
*  <b>`num_threads`</b>: The number of threads enqueuing `tensor_list`.
*  <b>`capacity`</b>: An integer. The maximum number of elements in the queue.
*  <b>`enqueue_many`</b>: Whether each tensor in `tensor_list` is a single example.
*  <b>`shapes`</b>: (Optional) The shapes for each example.  Defaults to the
    inferred shapes for `tensor_list`.
*  <b>`dynamic_pad`</b>: Boolean.  Allow variable dimensions in input shapes.
    The given dimensions are padded upon dequeue so that tensors within a
    batch have the same shapes.
*  <b>`shared_name`</b>: (optional). If set, this queue will be shared under the given
    name across multiple sessions.
*  <b>`name`</b>: (Optional) A name for the operations.

##### Returns:

  A list of tensors with the same number and types as `tensor_list`.

##### Raises:


*  <b>`ValueError`</b>: If the `shapes` are not specified, and cannot be
    inferred from the elements of `tensor_list`.


- - -

### `tf.train.batch_join(tensor_list_list, batch_size, capacity=32, enqueue_many=False, shapes=None, dynamic_pad=False, shared_name=None, name=None)` {#batch_join}

Runs a list of tensors to fill a queue to create batches of examples.

Enqueues a different list of tensors in different threads.
Implemented using a queue -- a `QueueRunner` for the queue
is added to the current `Graph`'s `QUEUE_RUNNER` collection.

`len(tensor_list_list)` threads will be started,
with thread `i` enqueuing the tensors from
`tensor_list_list[i]`. `tensor_list_list[i1][j]` must match
`tensor_list_list[i2][j]` in type and shape, except in the first
dimension if `enqueue_many` is true.

If `enqueue_many` is `False`, each `tensor_list_list[i]` is assumed
to represent a single example. An input tensor `x` will be output as a
tensor with shape `[batch_size] + x.shape`.

If `enqueue_many` is `True`, `tensor_list_list[i]` is assumed to
represent a batch of examples, where the first dimension is indexed
by example, and all members of `tensor_list_list[i]` should have the
same size in the first dimension.  The slices of any input tensor
`x` are treated as examples, and the output tensors will have shape
`[batch_size] + x.shape[1:]`.

The `capacity` argument controls the how long the prefetching is allowed to
grow the queues.

The returned operation is a dequeue operation and will throw
`tf.errors.OutOfRangeError` if the input queue is exhausted. If this
operation is feeding another input queue, its queue runner will catch
this exception, however, if this operation is used in your main thread
you are responsible for catching this yourself.

*N.B.:* If `dynamic_pad` is `False`, you must ensure that either
(i) the `shapes` argument is passed, or (ii) all of the tensors in
`tensor_list` must have fully-defined shapes. `ValueError` will be
raised if neither of these conditions holds.

If `dynamic_pad` is `True`, it is sufficient that the *rank* of the
tensors is known, but individual dimensions may have value `None`.
In this case, for each enqueue the dimensions with value `None`
may have a variable length; upon dequeue, the output tensors will be padded
on the right to the maximum shape of the tensors in the current minibatch.
For numbers, this padding takes value 0.  For strings, this padding is
the empty string.  See `PaddingFIFOQueue` for more info.

##### Args:


*  <b>`tensor_list_list`</b>: A list of tuples of tensors to enqueue.
*  <b>`batch_size`</b>: An integer. The new batch size pulled from the queue.
*  <b>`capacity`</b>: An integer. The maximum number of elements in the queue.
*  <b>`enqueue_many`</b>: Whether each tensor in `tensor_list_list` is a single
    example.
*  <b>`shapes`</b>: (Optional) The shapes for each example.  Defaults to the
    inferred shapes for `tensor_list_list[i]`.
*  <b>`dynamic_pad`</b>: Boolean.  Allow variable dimensions in input shapes.
    The given dimensions are padded upon dequeue so that tensors within a
    batch have the same shapes.
*  <b>`shared_name`</b>: (Optional) If set, this queue will be shared under the given
    name across multiple sessions.
*  <b>`name`</b>: (Optional) A name for the operations.

##### Returns:

  A list of tensors with the same number and types as
  `tensor_list_list[i]`.

##### Raises:


*  <b>`ValueError`</b>: If the `shapes` are not specified, and cannot be
    inferred from the elements of `tensor_list_list`.


- - -

### `tf.train.shuffle_batch(tensor_list, batch_size, capacity, min_after_dequeue, num_threads=1, seed=None, enqueue_many=False, shapes=None, shared_name=None, name=None)` {#shuffle_batch}

Creates batches by randomly shuffling tensors.

This function adds the following to the current `Graph`:

* A shuffling queue into which tensors from `tensor_list` are enqueued.
* A `dequeue_many` operation to create batches from the queue.
* A `QueueRunner` to `QUEUE_RUNNER` collection, to enqueue the tensors
  from `tensor_list`.

If `enqueue_many` is `False`, `tensor_list` is assumed to represent a
single example.  An input tensor with shape `[x, y, z]` will be output
as a tensor with shape `[batch_size, x, y, z]`.

If `enqueue_many` is `True`, `tensor_list` is assumed to represent a
batch of examples, where the first dimension is indexed by example,
and all members of `tensor_list` should have the same size in the
first dimension.  If an input tensor has shape `[*, x, y, z]`, the
output will have shape `[batch_size, x, y, z]`.

The `capacity` argument controls the how long the prefetching is allowed to
grow the queues.

The returned operation is a dequeue operation and will throw
`tf.errors.OutOfRangeError` if the input queue is exhausted. If this
operation is feeding another input queue, its queue runner will catch
this exception, however, if this operation is used in your main thread
you are responsible for catching this yourself.

For example:

```python
# Creates batches of 32 images and 32 labels.
image_batch, label_batch = tf.train.shuffle_batch(
      [single_image, single_label],
      batch_size=32,
      num_threads=4,
      capacity=50000,
      min_after_dequeue=10000)
```

*N.B.:* You must ensure that either (i) the `shapes` argument is
passed, or (ii) all of the tensors in `tensor_list` must have
fully-defined shapes. `ValueError` will be raised if neither of
these conditions holds.

##### Args:


*  <b>`tensor_list`</b>: The list of tensors to enqueue.
*  <b>`batch_size`</b>: The new batch size pulled from the queue.
*  <b>`capacity`</b>: An integer. The maximum number of elements in the queue.
*  <b>`min_after_dequeue`</b>: Minimum number elements in the queue after a
    dequeue, used to ensure a level of mixing of elements.
*  <b>`num_threads`</b>: The number of threads enqueuing `tensor_list`.
*  <b>`seed`</b>: Seed for the random shuffling within the queue.
*  <b>`enqueue_many`</b>: Whether each tensor in `tensor_list` is a single example.
*  <b>`shapes`</b>: (Optional) The shapes for each example.  Defaults to the
    inferred shapes for `tensor_list`.
*  <b>`shared_name`</b>: (Optional) If set, this queue will be shared under the given
    name across multiple sessions.
*  <b>`name`</b>: (Optional) A name for the operations.

##### Returns:

  A list of tensors with the same number and types as `tensor_list`.

##### Raises:


*  <b>`ValueError`</b>: If the `shapes` are not specified, and cannot be
    inferred from the elements of `tensor_list`.


- - -

### `tf.train.shuffle_batch_join(tensor_list_list, batch_size, capacity, min_after_dequeue, seed=None, enqueue_many=False, shapes=None, shared_name=None, name=None)` {#shuffle_batch_join}

Create batches by randomly shuffling tensors.

This version enqueues a different list of tensors in different threads.
It adds the following to the current `Graph`:

* A shuffling queue into which tensors from `tensor_list_list` are enqueued.
* A `dequeue_many` operation to create batches from the queue.
* A `QueueRunner` to `QUEUE_RUNNER` collection, to enqueue the tensors
  from `tensor_list_list`.

`len(tensor_list_list)` threads will be started, with thread `i` enqueuing
the tensors from `tensor_list_list[i]`. `tensor_list_list[i1][j]` must match
`tensor_list_list[i2][j]` in type and shape, except in the first dimension if
`enqueue_many` is true.

If `enqueue_many` is `False`, each `tensor_list_list[i]` is assumed
to represent a single example.  An input tensor with shape `[x, y,
z]` will be output as a tensor with shape `[batch_size, x, y, z]`.

If `enqueue_many` is `True`, `tensor_list_list[i]` is assumed to
represent a batch of examples, where the first dimension is indexed
by example, and all members of `tensor_list_list[i]` should have the
same size in the first dimension.  If an input tensor has shape `[*, x,
y, z]`, the output will have shape `[batch_size, x, y, z]`.

The `capacity` argument controls the how long the prefetching is allowed to
grow the queues.

The returned operation is a dequeue operation and will throw
`tf.errors.OutOfRangeError` if the input queue is exhausted. If this
operation is feeding another input queue, its queue runner will catch
this exception, however, if this operation is used in your main thread
you are responsible for catching this yourself.

##### Args:


*  <b>`tensor_list_list`</b>: A list of tuples of tensors to enqueue.
*  <b>`batch_size`</b>: An integer. The new batch size pulled from the queue.
*  <b>`capacity`</b>: An integer. The maximum number of elements in the queue.
*  <b>`min_after_dequeue`</b>: Minimum number elements in the queue after a
    dequeue, used to ensure a level of mixing of elements.
*  <b>`seed`</b>: Seed for the random shuffling within the queue.
*  <b>`enqueue_many`</b>: Whether each tensor in `tensor_list_list` is a single
    example.
*  <b>`shapes`</b>: (Optional) The shapes for each example.  Defaults to the
    inferred shapes for `tensor_list_list[i]`.
*  <b>`shared_name`</b>: (optional). If set, this queue will be shared under the given
    name across multiple sessions.
*  <b>`name`</b>: (Optional) A name for the operations.

##### Returns:

  A list of tensors with the same number and types as `tensor_list_list[i]`.

##### Raises:


*  <b>`ValueError`</b>: If the `shapes` are not specified, and cannot be
    inferred from the elements of `tensor_list_list`.


