use std::{
    cell::RefCell,
    collections::BTreeMap,
    path::PathBuf,
    rc::Rc,
    sync::{Arc, mpsc},
};

use cidre::{
    arc::R,
    cv::{self, pixel_buffer::LockFlags},
};
use ffmpeg::{Rational, format, frame};
use tokio::{runtime::Handle as TokioHandle, sync::oneshot};

use super::{FRAME_CACHE_SIZE, VideoDecoderMessage, pts_to_frame};

#[derive(Clone)]
struct ProcessedFrame {
    number: u32,
    data: Arc<Vec<u8>>,
}

#[derive(Clone)]
enum CachedFrame {
    Raw {
        image_buf: R<cv::ImageBuf>,
        number: u32,
    },
    Processed(ProcessedFrame),
}

impl CachedFrame {
    fn process(&mut self) -> ProcessedFrame {
        match self {
            CachedFrame::Raw { image_buf, number } => {
                let format = cap_video_decode::avassetreader::pixel_format_to_pixel(
                    image_buf.pixel_format(),
                );

                let data = if matches!(format, format::Pixel::RGBA) {
                    unsafe {
                        image_buf
                            .lock_base_addr(LockFlags::READ_ONLY)
                            .result()
                            .unwrap()
                    };

                    let bytes_per_row = image_buf.plane_bytes_per_row(0);
                    let width = image_buf.width();
                    let height = image_buf.height();

                    let slice = unsafe {
                        std::slice::from_raw_parts::<'static, _>(
                            image_buf.plane_base_address(0),
                            bytes_per_row * height,
                        )
                    };

                    let mut bytes = Vec::with_capacity(width * height * 4);

                    let row_length = width * 4;

                    for i in 0..height {
                        bytes.as_mut_slice()[i * row_length..((i + 1) * row_length)]
                            .copy_from_slice(
                                &slice[i * bytes_per_row..(i * bytes_per_row + row_length)],
                            )
                    }

                    unsafe { image_buf.unlock_lock_base_addr(LockFlags::READ_ONLY) };

                    bytes
                } else {
                    let mut ffmpeg_frame = ffmpeg::frame::Video::new(
                        format,
                        image_buf.width() as u32,
                        image_buf.height() as u32,
                    );

                    unsafe {
                        image_buf
                            .lock_base_addr(LockFlags::READ_ONLY)
                            .result()
                            .unwrap()
                    };

                    match ffmpeg_frame.format() {
                        format::Pixel::NV12 => {
                            for plane_i in 0..image_buf.plane_count() {
                                let bytes_per_row = image_buf.plane_bytes_per_row(plane_i);
                                let height = image_buf.plane_height(plane_i);

                                let ffmpeg_stride = ffmpeg_frame.stride(plane_i);
                                let row_length = bytes_per_row.min(ffmpeg_stride);

                                let slice = unsafe {
                                    std::slice::from_raw_parts::<'static, _>(
                                        image_buf.plane_base_address(plane_i),
                                        bytes_per_row * height,
                                    )
                                };

                                for i in 0..height {
                                    ffmpeg_frame.data_mut(plane_i)
                                        [i * ffmpeg_stride..(i * ffmpeg_stride + row_length)]
                                        .copy_from_slice(
                                            &slice[i * bytes_per_row
                                                ..(i * bytes_per_row + row_length)],
                                        )
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        format::Pixel::YUV420P => {
                            for plane_i in 0..image_buf.plane_count() {
                                let bytes_per_row = image_buf.plane_bytes_per_row(plane_i);
                                let height = image_buf.plane_height(plane_i);

                                let ffmpeg_stride = ffmpeg_frame.stride(plane_i);
                                let row_length = bytes_per_row.min(ffmpeg_stride);

                                let slice = unsafe {
                                    std::slice::from_raw_parts::<'static, _>(
                                        image_buf.plane_base_address(plane_i),
                                        bytes_per_row * height,
                                    )
                                };

                                for i in 0..height {
                                    ffmpeg_frame.data_mut(plane_i)
                                        [i * ffmpeg_stride..(i * ffmpeg_stride + row_length)]
                                        .copy_from_slice(
                                            &slice[i * bytes_per_row
                                                ..(i * bytes_per_row + row_length)],
                                        )
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        format => todo!("implement {:?}", format),
                    }

                    unsafe { image_buf.unlock_lock_base_addr(LockFlags::READ_ONLY) };

                    let mut converter = ffmpeg::software::converter(
                        (ffmpeg_frame.width(), ffmpeg_frame.height()),
                        ffmpeg_frame.format(),
                        format::Pixel::RGBA,
                    )
                    .unwrap();

                    let mut rgb_frame = frame::Video::empty();
                    converter.run(&ffmpeg_frame, &mut rgb_frame).unwrap();

                    let slice = rgb_frame.data(0);
                    let width = rgb_frame.width();
                    let height = rgb_frame.height();
                    let bytes_per_row = rgb_frame.stride(0);
                    let row_length = width * 4;

                    let mut bytes = vec![0; (width * height * 4) as usize];

                    // TODO: allow for decoded frames to have stride, handle stride in shaders
                    for i in 0..height as usize {
                        bytes.as_mut_slice()[i * row_length as usize..(i + 1) * row_length as usize]
                            .copy_from_slice(
                                &slice
                                    [(i * bytes_per_row)..i * bytes_per_row + row_length as usize],
                            )
                    }

                    bytes
                };

                let data = ProcessedFrame {
                    number: *number,
                    data: Arc::new(data),
                };

                *self = Self::Processed(data.clone());

                data
            }
            CachedFrame::Processed(data) => data.clone(),
        }
    }
}

pub struct AVAssetReaderDecoder {
    inner: cap_video_decode::AVAssetReaderDecoder,
    is_done: bool,
}

impl AVAssetReaderDecoder {
    fn new(path: PathBuf, tokio_handle: TokioHandle) -> Result<Self, String> {
        Ok(Self {
            inner: cap_video_decode::AVAssetReaderDecoder::new(path, tokio_handle)?,
            is_done: false,
        })
    }

    fn reset(&mut self, requested_time: f32) {
        let _ = self.inner.reset(requested_time);
    }

    pub fn spawn(
        name: &'static str,
        path: PathBuf,
        fps: u32,
        rx: mpsc::Receiver<VideoDecoderMessage>,
        ready_tx: oneshot::Sender<Result<(), String>>,
    ) {
        let handle = tokio::runtime::Handle::current();

        std::thread::spawn(move || Self::run(name, path, fps, rx, ready_tx, handle));
    }

    fn run(
        _name: &'static str,
        path: PathBuf,
        fps: u32,
        rx: mpsc::Receiver<VideoDecoderMessage>,
        ready_tx: oneshot::Sender<Result<(), String>>,
        tokio_handle: tokio::runtime::Handle,
    ) {
        let mut this = match AVAssetReaderDecoder::new(path, tokio_handle) {
            Ok(v) => {
                ready_tx.send(Ok(())).ok();
                v
            }
            Err(e) => {
                ready_tx.send(Err(e)).ok();
                return;
            }
        };

        let mut cache = BTreeMap::<u32, CachedFrame>::new();

        #[allow(unused)]
        let mut last_active_frame = None::<u32>;
        let last_sent_frame = Rc::new(RefCell::new(None::<ProcessedFrame>));

        let mut frames = this.inner.frames();

        while let Ok(r) = rx.recv() {
            match r {
                VideoDecoderMessage::GetFrame(requested_time, sender) => {
                    let requested_frame = (requested_time * fps as f32).floor() as u32;

                    let mut sender = if let Some(cached) = cache.get_mut(&requested_frame) {
                        let data = cached.process();

                        sender.send(data.data.clone()).ok();
                        *last_sent_frame.borrow_mut() = Some(data);
                        continue;
                    } else {
                        let last_sent_frame = last_sent_frame.clone();
                        Some(move |data: ProcessedFrame| {
                            *last_sent_frame.borrow_mut() = Some(data.clone());
                            let _ = sender.send(data.data);
                        })
                    };

                    let cache_min = requested_frame.saturating_sub(FRAME_CACHE_SIZE as u32 / 2);
                    let cache_max = requested_frame + FRAME_CACHE_SIZE as u32 / 2;

                    if requested_frame == 0
                        || last_sent_frame
                            .borrow()
                            .as_ref()
                            .map(|last| {
                                requested_frame < last.number
                                // seek forward for big jumps. this threshold is arbitrary but should be derived from i-frames in future
                                || requested_frame - last.number > FRAME_CACHE_SIZE as u32
                            })
                            .unwrap_or(true)
                    {
                        this.reset(requested_time);
                        frames = this.inner.frames();
                    }

                    last_active_frame = Some(requested_frame);

                    let mut exit = false;

                    for frame in &mut frames {
                        let Ok(frame) = frame.map_err(|e| format!("read frame / {e}")) else {
                            continue;
                        };

                        let current_frame = pts_to_frame(
                            frame.pts().value,
                            Rational::new(1, frame.pts().scale),
                            fps,
                        );

                        let Some(frame) = frame.image_buf() else {
                            continue;
                        };

                        let mut cache_frame = CachedFrame::Raw {
                            image_buf: frame.retained(),
                            number: current_frame,
                        };

                        this.is_done = false;

                        // Handles frame skips.
                        // We use the cache instead of last_sent_frame as newer non-matching frames could have been decoded.
                        if let Some(most_recent_prev_frame) =
                            cache.iter_mut().rev().find(|v| *v.0 < requested_frame)
                            && let Some(sender) = sender.take()
                        {
                            (sender)(most_recent_prev_frame.1.process());
                        }

                        let exceeds_cache_bounds = current_frame > cache_max;
                        let too_small_for_cache_bounds = current_frame < cache_min;

                        if !too_small_for_cache_bounds {
                            if current_frame == requested_frame
                                && let Some(sender) = sender.take()
                            {
                                let data = cache_frame.process();
                                // info!("sending frame {requested_frame}");

                                (sender)(data);

                                break;
                            }

                            if cache.len() >= FRAME_CACHE_SIZE {
                                if let Some(last_active_frame) = &last_active_frame {
                                    let frame = if requested_frame > *last_active_frame {
                                        *cache.keys().next().unwrap()
                                    } else if requested_frame < *last_active_frame {
                                        *cache.keys().next_back().unwrap()
                                    } else {
                                        let min = *cache.keys().min().unwrap();
                                        let max = *cache.keys().max().unwrap();

                                        if current_frame > max { min } else { max }
                                    };

                                    cache.remove(&frame);
                                } else {
                                    cache.clear()
                                }
                            }

                            cache.insert(current_frame, cache_frame.clone());
                        }

                        if current_frame > requested_frame && sender.is_some() {
                            // not inlining this is important so that last_sent_frame is dropped before the sender is invoked
                            let last_sent_frame = last_sent_frame.borrow().clone();

                            if let Some((sender, last_sent_frame)) =
                                last_sent_frame.and_then(|l| Some((sender.take()?, l)))
                            {
                                // info!(
                                //     "sending previous frame {} for {requested_frame}",
                                //     last_sent_frame.0
                                // );

                                (sender)(last_sent_frame);
                            } else if let Some(sender) = sender.take() {
                                // info!(
                                //     "sending forward frame {current_frame} for {requested_frame}",
                                // );

                                (sender)(cache_frame.process());
                            }
                        }

                        exit = exit || exceeds_cache_bounds;

                        if exit {
                            break;
                        }
                    }

                    this.is_done = true;

                    // not inlining this is important so that last_sent_frame is dropped before the sender is invoked
                    let last_sent_frame = last_sent_frame.borrow().clone();
                    if let Some((sender, last_sent_frame)) = sender.take().zip(last_sent_frame) {
                        // info!(
                        //     "sending hail mary frame {} for {requested_frame}",
                        //     last_sent_frame.0
                        // );

                        (sender)(last_sent_frame);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
