/* Copyright 2017 The TensorFlow Authors. All Rights Reserved.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
==============================================================================*/

// Analysis for determining the possible set of values for all positions
// (instructions and ShapeIndexes) in the HLO module. Analysis is module-scoped
// tracking values across computation boundaries.

#ifndef TENSORFLOW_COMPILER_XLA_SERVICE_HLO_DATAFLOW_ANALYSIS_H_
#define TENSORFLOW_COMPILER_XLA_SERVICE_HLO_DATAFLOW_ANALYSIS_H_

#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <vector>

#include "absl/types/span.h"
#include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/call_graph.h"
#include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_instruction.h"
#include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_module.h"
#include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/service/hlo_value.h"
#include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/shape_util.h"
#include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/status.h"
#include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/statusor.h"
#include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/types.h"
#include "tensorflow/compiler/xla/xla_data.pb.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/platform/macros.h"

namespace xla {

// Analysis which identifies all HLO values and their uses in an HLO module.
class HloDataflowAnalysis {
 public:
  // Infrastructure for passing may-alias hints: HLO passes can populate the
  // may-alias table. If an empty optional is returned, default rules are used.
  //
  // The first parameter of the function should be the instruction, the
  // second parameter should be an operand of the instruction. The third
  // parameter should be the output index of the instruction.
  using CanShareBuffer = std::function<absl::optional<bool>(
      const HloInstruction* instr, const HloInstruction* operand,
      const ShapeIndex& user_index)>;

  // Run dataflow analysis on the given module. Parameters:
  //
  //   ssa_form : If true then new values are defined at the merge points of
  //     kWhile instructions. Abusing nomenclature somewhat, we call these "phi
  //     values".  The merge is formed by the init value and loop backedge. The
  //     SSA form is minimal in that a new phi value is defined only if the
  //     merge point is reachable by multiple different values. The SSA form is
  //     also in loop-closed form in that no values defined inside of a loop
  //     (while body) is used outside of the loop.
  //
  //     If ssa_form is false, then merge points do not define new
  //     values. Rather, the HloValueSet for the merge point contains the union
  //     of the merged HloValues.
  //
  //   bitcast_defines_value : If true then the Bitcast HLO instruction defines
  //     a new HLO value in the analysis. If false then Bitcast forwards the
  //     value of its operand.
  static StatusOr<std::unique_ptr<HloDataflowAnalysis>> Run(
      const HloModule& module, bool ssa_form = false,
      bool bitcast_defines_value = false,
      const CanShareBuffer& can_share_buffer = nullptr);

  static bool AreTransitiveUsesElementwiseOrTuple(const HloInstruction* inst);

  // Returns true if 'instruction' defines an HLO value at the given shape index
  // of its output.
  bool ValueIsDefinedAt(const HloInstruction* instruction,
                        const ShapeIndex& index = {}) const;

  // Return the HloValue defined by 'instruction' at the given shape index of
  // its output.
  //
  // Precondition: ValueIsDefinedAt is true for this instruction and index.
  const HloValue& GetValueDefinedAt(const HloInstruction* instruction,
                                    const ShapeIndex& index = {}) const;
  HloValue& GetValueDefinedAt(const HloInstruction* instruction,
                              const ShapeIndex& index = {});

  // Return the InstructionValueSet for the given instruction.
  const InstructionValueSet& GetInstructionValueSet(
      const HloInstruction* instruction) const;
  InstructionValueSet& GetInstructionValueSet(
      const HloInstruction* instruction);

  // Returns all values that are contained in the output of this instruction in
  // a flattened set.
  HloValueSet GetFlattenedValueSet(const HloInstruction* instruction) const;

  // Return the HloValueSet for the given instruction at the given index or the
  // given position.
  const HloValueSet& GetValueSet(const HloInstruction* instruction,
                                 const ShapeIndex& index = {}) const;
  const HloValueSet& GetValueSet(const HloPosition& position) const;
  HloValueSet& GetValueSet(const HloPosition& position);
  HloValueSet& GetValueSet(const HloInstruction* instruction,
                           const ShapeIndex& index = {});

  // Return the unique value in the HloValueSet at the given instruction and
  // shape index. CHECKs if the value set does not contain a exactly one value.
  const HloValue& GetUniqueValueAt(const HloInstruction* instruction,
                                   const ShapeIndex& index = {}) const {
    return GetValueSet(instruction, index).GetUniqueValue();
  }
  HloValue& GetUniqueValueAt(const HloInstruction* instruction,
                             const ShapeIndex& index = {}) {
    return GetValue(GetValueSet(instruction, index).GetUniqueValue().id());
  }

  // Return the HloValue with the given Id.
  const HloValue& GetValue(HloValue::Id value_id) const;
  HloValue& GetValue(HloValue::Id value_id);

  // Return the total number of HloValues.
  int64 value_count() const { return values_.size(); }

  // Return a vector of all HloValues stabily sorted by HloValue::Id.
  const std::vector<HloValue*>& values() const { return values_vector_; }

  // Return the call graph used for computing the dataflow.
  const CallGraph& call_graph() const { return *call_graph_; }

  string ToString() const;

  // Returns true if 'user' cannot possibly use the buffer at 'index' in
  // 'operand'. Returns false otherwise.
  //
  // 'operand' does not have to be an operand of 'user'. This can be the case
  // with indirect uses.
  bool DoesNotUseOperandBuffer(const HloInstruction* operand,
                               const ShapeIndex& index,
                               const HloInstruction* user) const;

  // Returns true if 'user' (at 'user_index') can share a buffer with its
  // operand 'operand' (at 'operand_index'). Returns false otherwise.
  //
  // REQUIRES: 'operand' is an operand of 'user'.
  bool CanShareOperandBufferWithUser(HloInstruction* operand,
                                     const ShapeIndex& operand_index,
                                     HloInstruction* user,
                                     const ShapeIndex& user_index) const;

  const HloModule& module() const { return module_; }

 protected:
  HloDataflowAnalysis(const HloModule& module, bool ssa_form,
                      bool bitcast_defines_value = false,
                      const CanShareBuffer& can_share_buffer = nullptr);

  // Returns a new HloValue defined at the given instruction and shape index.
  HloValue* NewHloValue(HloInstruction* instruction, const ShapeIndex& index,
                        bool is_phi = false);

  // Mark the HloValue with the given ID for deletion.
  void MarkValueForDeletion(HloValue::Id value_id);

  // Delete all HloValues marked for deletion. Should be called after
  // propagation is complete.
  void DeleteMarkedValues();

  // Constructs and initializes the InstructionValueSets of all instructions to
  // contain exactly the HloValues defined by each instruction. These values can
  // then propagated throughout the HLO graph by calling Propagate.
  Status InitializeInstructionValueSets();

  // Updates the value set of the given instruction based on the values flowing
  // into the instruction (operands and cross-computation dataflow).
  bool UpdateInstructionValueSet(HloInstruction* instruction);

  // Updates the value set for a particular instruction type. Returns whether
  // the instruction value set changed.
  bool UpdateBitcastValueSet(HloInstruction* bitcast);
  bool UpdateCallValueSet(HloInstruction* call);
  bool UpdateConditionalValueSet(HloInstruction* conditional);
  bool UpdateCopyValueSet(HloInstruction* copy);
  bool UpdateDomainValueSet(HloInstruction* domain);
  bool UpdateGetTupleElementValueSet(HloInstruction* gte);
  bool UpdateParameterValueSet(HloInstruction* parameter);
  bool UpdateCopyDoneValueSet(HloInstruction* copy_done);
  bool UpdateRecvDoneValueSet(HloInstruction* recv_done);
  bool UpdateTupleSelectValueSet(HloInstruction* select);
  bool UpdateSendValueSet(HloInstruction* send);
  bool UpdateTupleValueSet(HloInstruction* tuple);
  bool UpdateWhileValueSet(HloInstruction* xla_while);
  bool UpdateAddDependencyValueSet(HloInstruction* add_dependency);

  // Propagate the dataflow through the module.
  void Propagate();

  // Return the result of the SSA Phi function applied to the given inputs at
  // the given instruction. If skip_top_level is true, then the top level of the
  // value set of 'instruction' is not modified.
  bool Phi(HloInstruction* instruction,
           absl::Span<const InstructionValueSet* const> inputs);

  // Updates the positions of the HloValues in the output of the given
  // instruction. This should be called after the instruction value set of
  // 'instruction' has been changed. 'prev_value_set' must point to the previous
  // state of the value set prior to the change. 'prev_value_set' may be null if
  // this is the first time positions are being computed. The previous state is
  // necessary to efficiently remove positions which have been eliminated due to
  // changes in the instructions' InstructionValueSet.
  void UpdatePositionsOfValuesAt(
      HloInstruction* instruction, const InstructionValueSet& new_value_set,
      const InstructionValueSet* prev_value_set = nullptr);

  // Verify various invariants of the dataflow analysis.
  Status Verify() const;

  const HloModule& module_;
  const bool ssa_form_;
  const bool bitcast_defines_value_;

  std::unique_ptr<CallGraph> call_graph_;

  // The map of all HloValues in the module. We pass around pointers to the
  // mapped HloValues, so the underlying container must keep them valid despite
  // mutations touching other map entries.
  std::unordered_map<HloValue::Id, HloValue> values_;

  // A map from instruction to InstructionValueSet.
  std::unordered_map<const HloInstruction*, InstructionValueSet> value_sets_;

  // Values marked for deletion during construction. We don't delete them
  // immediately because references to them may remain in ValueSets temporarily
  // during propagation. After construction, these values are deleted.
  std::vector<HloValue::Id> value_ids_to_delete_;

  // A vector containing all HloValues sorted by HloValue::Id.
  std::vector<HloValue*> values_vector_;

  // The Id to use for the next HloValue.
  HloValue::Id next_value_id_ = 0;

  // Backend specific function that decides whether an instruction can share
  // a buffer with its operand.
  CanShareBuffer can_share_buffer_ = nullptr;
};

}  // namespace xla

#endif  // TENSORFLOW_COMPILER_XLA_SERVICE_HLO_DATAFLOW_ANALYSIS_H_
