/* Copyright 2016 The TensorFlow Authors. All Rights Reserved.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
==============================================================================*/

// A set of lightweight wrappers which simplify access to Feature protos.
//
// TensorFlow Example proto uses associative maps on top of oneof fields.
// SequenceExample proto uses associative map of FeatureList.
// So accessing feature values is not very convenient.
//
// For example, to read a first value of integer feature "tag":
//   int id = example.features().feature().at("tag").int64_list().value(0)
//
// to add a value:
//   auto features = example->mutable_features();
//   (*features->mutable_feature())["tag"].mutable_int64_list()->add_value(id)
//
// For float features you have to use float_list, for string - bytes_list.
//
// To do the same with this library:
//   int id = GetFeatureValues<int64>("tag", example).Get(0);
//   GetFeatureValues<int64>("tag", &example)->Add(id);
//
// Modification of bytes features is slightly different:
//   auto tag = GetFeatureValues<string>("tag", &example);
//   *tag->Add() = "lorem ipsum";
//
// To copy multiple values into a feature:
//   AppendFeatureValues({1,2,3}, "tag", &example);
//
// GetFeatureValues gives you access to underlying data - RepeatedField object
// (RepeatedPtrField for byte list). So refer to its documentation of
// RepeatedField for full list of supported methods.
//
// NOTE: Due to the nature of oneof proto fields setting a feature of one type
// automatically clears all values stored as another type with the same feature
// key.
//
// This library also has tools to work with SequenceExample protos.
//
// To get a value from SequenceExample.context:
//   int id = GetFeatureValues<protobuf_int64>("tag", se.context()).Get(0);
// To add a value to the context:
//   GetFeatureValues<protobuf_int64>("tag", se.mutable_context())->Add(42);
//
// To add values to feature_lists:
//   AppendFeatureValues({4.0},
//                       GetFeatureList("images", &se)->Add());
//   AppendFeatureValues({5.0, 3.0},
//                       GetFeatureList("images", &se)->Add());
// This will create a feature list keyed as "images" with two features:
//   feature_lists {
//     feature_list {
//       key: "images"
//       value {
//         feature { float_list { value: [4.0] } }
//         feature { float_list { value: [5.0, 3.0] } }
//       }
//     } }
//
// Functions exposed by this library:
//   HasFeature<[FeatureType]>(key, proto) -> bool
//     Returns true if a feature with the specified key, and optionally
//     FeatureType, belongs to the Features or Example proto.
//   HasFeatureList(key, sequence_example) -> bool
//     Returns true if SequenceExample has a feature_list with the key.
//   GetFeatureValues<FeatureType>(key, proto) -> RepeatedField<FeatureType>
//     Returns values for the specified key and the FeatureType.
//     Supported types for the proto: Example, Features.
//   GetFeatureList(key, sequence_example) -> RepeatedPtrField<Feature>
//     Returns Feature protos associated with a key.
//   AppendFeatureValues(begin, end, feature)
//   AppendFeatureValues(container or initializer_list, feature)
//     Copies values into a Feature.
//   AppendFeatureValues(begin, end, key, proto)
//   AppendFeatureValues(container or initializer_list, key, proto)
//     Copies values into Features and Example protos with the specified key.
//
// Auxiliary functions, it is unlikely you'll need to use them directly:
//   GetFeatures(proto) -> Features
//     A convenience function to get Features proto.
//     Supported types for the proto: Example, Features.
//   GetFeature(key, proto) -> Feature*
//     Returns a Feature proto for the specified key, creates a new if
//     necessary. Supported types for the proto: Example, Features.
//   GetFeatureValues<FeatureType>(feature) -> RepeatedField<FeatureType>
//     Returns values of the feature for the FeatureType.

#ifndef TENSORFLOW_EXAMPLE_FEATURE_H_
#define TENSORFLOW_EXAMPLE_FEATURE_H_

#include <iterator>
#include <type_traits>

#include "tensorflow/core/example/example.pb.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/example/feature.pb.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/lib/core/stringpiece.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/platform/protobuf.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/platform/types.h"

namespace tensorflow {

namespace internal {

// DEPRECATED: Use GetFeature instead.
// TODO(gorban): Update all clients in a followup CL.
// Returns a reference to a feature corresponding to the name.
// Note: it will create a new Feature if it is missing in the example.
Feature& ExampleFeature(const string& name, Example* example);

// Specializations of RepeatedFieldTrait define a type of RepeatedField
// corresponding to a selected feature type.
template <typename FeatureType>
struct RepeatedFieldTrait;

template <>
struct RepeatedFieldTrait<protobuf_int64> {
  using Type = protobuf::RepeatedField<protobuf_int64>;
};

template <>
struct RepeatedFieldTrait<float> {
  using Type = protobuf::RepeatedField<float>;
};

template <>
struct RepeatedFieldTrait<string> {
  using Type = protobuf::RepeatedPtrField<string>;
};

// Specializations of FeatureTrait define a type of feature corresponding to a
// selected value type.
template <typename ValueType, class Enable = void>
struct FeatureTrait;

template <typename ValueType>
struct FeatureTrait<ValueType, typename std::enable_if<
                                   std::is_integral<ValueType>::value>::type> {
  using Type = protobuf_int64;
};

template <typename ValueType>
struct FeatureTrait<
    ValueType,
    typename std::enable_if<std::is_floating_point<ValueType>::value>::type> {
  using Type = float;
};

template <typename T>
struct is_string
    : public std::integral_constant<
          bool,
          std::is_same<char*, typename std::decay<T>::type>::value ||
              std::is_same<const char*, typename std::decay<T>::type>::value> {
};

template <>
struct is_string<string> : std::true_type {};

template <>
struct is_string<::tensorflow::StringPiece> : std::true_type {};

template <typename ValueType>
struct FeatureTrait<
    ValueType, typename std::enable_if<is_string<ValueType>::value>::type> {
  using Type = string;
};

}  //  namespace internal

// Returns true if sequence_example has a feature_list with the specified key.
bool HasFeatureList(const string& key, const SequenceExample& sequence_example);

template <typename T>
struct TypeHasFeatures : std::false_type {};

template <>
struct TypeHasFeatures<Example> : std::true_type {};

template <>
struct TypeHasFeatures<Features> : std::true_type {};

// A family of template functions to return mutable Features proto from a
// container proto. Supported ProtoTypes: Example, Features.
template <typename ProtoType>
typename std::enable_if<TypeHasFeatures<ProtoType>::value, Features*>::type
GetFeatures(ProtoType* proto);

template <typename ProtoType>
typename std::enable_if<TypeHasFeatures<ProtoType>::value,
                        const Features&>::type
GetFeatures(const ProtoType& proto);

// Base declaration of a family of template functions to return a read only
// repeated field of feature values.
template <typename FeatureType>
const typename internal::RepeatedFieldTrait<FeatureType>::Type&
GetFeatureValues(const Feature& feature);

// Returns a read only repeated field corresponding to a feature with the
// specified name and FeatureType. Supported ProtoTypes: Example, Features.
template <typename FeatureType, typename ProtoType>
const typename internal::RepeatedFieldTrait<FeatureType>::Type&
GetFeatureValues(const string& key, const ProtoType& proto) {
  return GetFeatureValues<FeatureType>(GetFeatures(proto).feature().at(key));
}

// Returns a mutable repeated field of a feature values.
template <typename FeatureType>
typename internal::RepeatedFieldTrait<FeatureType>::Type* GetFeatureValues(
    Feature* feature);

// Returns a mutable repeated field corresponding to a feature with the
// specified name and FeatureType. Supported ProtoTypes: Example, Features.
template <typename FeatureType, typename ProtoType>
typename internal::RepeatedFieldTrait<FeatureType>::Type* GetFeatureValues(
    const string& key, ProtoType* proto) {
  ::tensorflow::Feature& feature =
      (*GetFeatures(proto)->mutable_feature())[key];
  return GetFeatureValues<FeatureType>(&feature);
}

// Returns a Feature proto for the specified key, creates a new if necessary.
// Supported types for the proto: Example, Features.
template <typename ProtoType>
Feature* GetFeature(const string& key, ProtoType* proto) {
  return &(*GetFeatures(proto)->mutable_feature())[key];
}

// Returns a repeated field with features corresponding to a feature_list key.
const protobuf::RepeatedPtrField<Feature>& GetFeatureList(
    const string& key, const SequenceExample& sequence_example);

// Returns a mutable repeated field with features corresponding to a
// feature_list key. It will create a new FeatureList if necessary.
protobuf::RepeatedPtrField<Feature>* GetFeatureList(
    const string& feature_list_key, SequenceExample* sequence_example);

template <typename IteratorType>
void AppendFeatureValues(IteratorType first, IteratorType last,
                         Feature* feature) {
  using FeatureType = typename internal::FeatureTrait<
      typename std::iterator_traits<IteratorType>::value_type>::Type;
  std::copy(first, last,
            protobuf::RepeatedFieldBackInserter(
                GetFeatureValues<FeatureType>(feature)));
}

template <typename ValueType>
void AppendFeatureValues(std::initializer_list<ValueType> container,
                         Feature* feature) {
  AppendFeatureValues(container.begin(), container.end(), feature);
}

template <typename ContainerType>
void AppendFeatureValues(const ContainerType& container, Feature* feature) {
  using IteratorType = typename ContainerType::const_iterator;
  AppendFeatureValues<IteratorType>(container.begin(), container.end(),
                                    feature);
}

// Copies elements from the range, defined by [first, last) into the feature
// obtainable from the (proto, key) combination.
template <typename IteratorType, typename ProtoType>
void AppendFeatureValues(IteratorType first, IteratorType last,
                         const string& key, ProtoType* proto) {
  AppendFeatureValues(first, last, GetFeature(key, GetFeatures(proto)));
}

// Copies all elements from the container into a feature.
template <typename ContainerType, typename ProtoType>
void AppendFeatureValues(const ContainerType& container, const string& key,
                         ProtoType* proto) {
  using IteratorType = typename ContainerType::const_iterator;
  AppendFeatureValues<IteratorType>(container.begin(), container.end(), key,
                                    proto);
}

// Copies all elements from the initializer list into a Feature contained by
// Features or Example proto.
template <typename ValueType, typename ProtoType>
void AppendFeatureValues(std::initializer_list<ValueType> container,
                         const string& key, ProtoType* proto) {
  using IteratorType =
      typename std::initializer_list<ValueType>::const_iterator;
  AppendFeatureValues<IteratorType>(container.begin(), container.end(), key,
                                    proto);
}

// Returns true if a feature with the specified key belongs to the Features.
// The template parameter pack accepts zero or one template argument - which
// is FeatureType. If the FeatureType not specified (zero template arguments)
// the function will not check the feature type. Otherwise it will return false
// if the feature has a wrong type.
template <typename... FeatureType>
bool HasFeature(const string& key, const Features& features);

// Returns true if a feature with the specified key belongs to the Example.
// Doesn't check feature type if used without FeatureType, otherwise the
// specialized versions return false if the feature has a wrong type.
template <typename... FeatureType>
bool HasFeature(const string& key, const Example& example) {
  return HasFeature<FeatureType...>(key, GetFeatures(example));
}

// DEPRECATED: use HasFeature instead.
// TODO(gorban): update all clients in a followup CL.
template <typename... FeatureType>
bool ExampleHasFeature(const string& key, const Example& example) {
  return HasFeature<FeatureType...>(key, example);
}

}  // namespace tensorflow
#endif  // TENSORFLOW_EXAMPLE_FEATURE_H_
