package cn.hutool.core.codec;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.Serializable;

import cn.hutool.core.util.ArrayUtil;

/**
 * Base62编码解码实现，常用于短URL<br>
 * From https://github.com/seruco/base62
 *
 * @author Looly, Sebastian Ruhleder, sebastian@seruco.io
 * @since 4.5.9
 */
public class Base62Codec implements Serializable{
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	private static final int STANDARD_BASE = 256;
	private static final int TARGET_BASE = 62;

	/**
	 * GMP风格
	 */
	private static final byte[] GMP = { //
			'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', //
			'8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', //
			'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', //
			'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', //
			'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', //
			'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', //
			'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', //
			'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z' //
	};

	/**
	 * 反转风格，既将GMP风格中的大小写做转换
	 */
	private static final byte[] INVERTED = { //
			'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', //
			'8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', //
			'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', //
			'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', //
			'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', //
			'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', //
			'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', //
			'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z' //
	};

	/**
	 * 创建GMP风格的Base62编码解码器对象
	 * 
	 * @return {@link Base62Codec}
	 */
	public static Base62Codec createGmp() {
		return new Base62Codec(GMP);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 创建Inverted风格的Base62编码解码器对象
	 * 
	 * @return {@link Base62Codec}
	 */
	public static Base62Codec createInverted() {
		return new Base62Codec(INVERTED);
	}

	private final byte[] alphabet;
	private final byte[] lookup;

	/**
	 * 构造
	 * 
	 * @param alphabet 自定义字母表
	 */
	public Base62Codec(byte[] alphabet) {
		this.alphabet = alphabet;
		lookup = new byte[256];
		for (int i = 0; i < alphabet.length; i++) {
			lookup[alphabet[i]] = (byte) (i & 0xFF);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 编码指定消息bytes为Base62格式的bytes
	 *
	 * @param message 被编码的消息
	 * @return Base62内容
	 */
	public byte[] encode(byte[] message) {
		final byte[] indices = convert(message, STANDARD_BASE, TARGET_BASE);
		return translate(indices, alphabet);
	}

	/**
	 * 解码Base62消息
	 * 
	 * @param encoded Base62内容
	 * @return 消息
	 */
	public byte[] decode(byte[] encoded) {
		final byte[] prepared = translate(encoded, lookup);
		return convert(prepared, TARGET_BASE, STANDARD_BASE);
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Private method start
	/**
	 * 按照字典转换bytes
	 * 
	 * @param indices 内容
	 * @param dictionary 字典
	 * @return 转换值
	 */
	private byte[] translate(byte[] indices, byte[] dictionary) {
		final byte[] translation = new byte[indices.length];

		for (int i = 0; i < indices.length; i++) {
			translation[i] = dictionary[indices[i]];
		}

		return translation;
	}

	/**
	 * 使用定义的字母表从源基准到目标基准
	 * 
	 * @param message 消息bytes
	 * @param sourceBase 源基准长度
	 * @param targetBase 目标基准长度
	 * @return 计算结果
	 */
	private byte[] convert(byte[] message, int sourceBase, int targetBase) {
		/** 计算结果长度，算法来自：http://codegolf.stackexchange.com/a/21672 */
		final int estimatedLength = estimateOutputLength(message.length, sourceBase, targetBase);

		final ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(estimatedLength);

		byte[] source = message;

		while (source.length > 0) {
			final ByteArrayOutputStream quotient = new ByteArrayOutputStream(source.length);

			int remainder = 0;

			for (int i = 0; i < source.length; i++) {
				final int accumulator = (source[i] & 0xFF) + remainder * sourceBase;
				final int digit = (accumulator - (accumulator % targetBase)) / targetBase;

				remainder = accumulator % targetBase;

				if (quotient.size() > 0 || digit > 0) {
					quotient.write(digit);
				}
			}

			out.write(remainder);

			source = quotient.toByteArray();
		}

		// pad output with zeroes corresponding to the number of leading zeroes in the message
		for (int i = 0; i < message.length - 1 && message[i] == 0; i++) {
			out.write(0);
		}

		return ArrayUtil.reverse(out.toByteArray());
	}

	/**
	 * 估算结果长度
	 * 
	 * @param inputLength 输入长度
	 * @param sourceBase 源基准长度
	 * @param targetBase 目标基准长度
	 * @return 估算长度
	 */
	private int estimateOutputLength(int inputLength, int sourceBase, int targetBase) {
		return (int) Math.ceil((Math.log(sourceBase) / Math.log(targetBase)) * inputLength);
	}
	// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Private method end
}