# Installing TensorFlow on Ubuntu

This guide explains how to install TensorFlow on Ubuntu Linux. While these
instructions may work on other Linux variants, they are tested and supported with
the following system requirements:

* 64-bit desktops or laptops
* Ubuntu 16.04 or higher


## Choose which TensorFlow to install

The following TensorFlow variants are available for installation:

* __TensorFlow with CPU support only__. If your system does not have a
  NVIDIA®&nbsp;GPU, you must install this version. This version of TensorFlow is
  usually easier to install, so even if you have an NVIDIA GPU, we recommend
  installing this version first.
* __TensorFlow with GPU support__. TensorFlow programs usually run much faster on
  a GPU instead of a CPU. If you run performance-critical applications and your
  system has an NVIDIA®&nbsp;GPU that meets the prerequisites, you should install
  this version. See [TensorFlow GPU support](#NVIDIARequirements) for details.


## How to install TensorFlow

There are a few options to install TensorFlow on your machine:

* [Use pip in a virtual environment](#InstallingVirtualenv) *(recommended)*
* [Use pip in your system environment](#InstallingNativePip)
* [Configure a Docker container](#InstallingDocker)
* [Use pip in Anaconda](#InstallingAnaconda)
* [Install TensorFlow from source](/install/install_sources)

<a name="InstallingVirtualenv"></a>
### Use `pip` in a virtual environment

Key Point: Using a virtual environment is the recommended install method.

The [Virtualenv](https://virtualenv.pypa.io/en/stable/) tool creates virtual
Python environments that are isolated from other Python development on the same
machine. In this scenario, you install TensorFlow and its dependencies within a
virtual environment that is available when *activated*. Virtualenv provides a
reliable way to install and run TensorFlow while avoiding conflicts with the rest
of the system.

##### 1. Install Python, `pip`, and `virtualenv`.

On Ubuntu, Python is automatically installed and `pip` is *usually* installed.
Confirm the `python` and `pip` versions:

<pre class="prettyprint lang-bsh">
  <code class="devsite-terminal">python -V  # or: python3 -V</code>
  <code class="devsite-terminal">pip -V     # or: pip3 -V</code>
</pre>

To install these packages on Ubuntu:

<pre class="prettyprint lang-bsh">
  <code class="devsite-terminal">sudo apt-get install python-pip python-dev python-virtualenv   # for Python 2.7</code>
  <code class="devsite-terminal">sudo apt-get install python3-pip python3-dev python-virtualenv # for Python 3.n</code>
</pre>

We *recommend* using `pip` version 8.1 or higher. If using a release before
version 8.1,  upgrade `pip`:

<pre class="prettyprint lang-bsh">
  <code class="devsite-terminal">sudo pip install -U pip</code>
</pre>

If not using Ubuntu and [setuptools](https://pypi.org/project/setuptools/) is
installed, use `easy_install` to install `pip`:

<pre class="prettyprint lang-bsh">
  <code class="devsite-terminal">easy_install -U pip</code>
</pre>

##### 2. Create a directory for the virtual environment and choose a Python interpreter.

<pre class="prettyprint lang-bsh">
  <code class="devsite-terminal">mkdir ~/tensorflow  # somewhere to work out of</code>
  <code class="devsite-terminal">cd ~/tensorflow</code>
  <code># Choose one of the following Python environments for the ./venv directory:</code>
  <code class="devsite-terminal">virtualenv --system-site-packages <var>venv</var>            # Use python default (Python 2.7)</code>
  <code class="devsite-terminal">virtualenv --system-site-packages -p python3 <var>venv</var> # Use Python 3.n</code>
</pre>

##### 3. Activate the Virtualenv environment.

Use one of these shell-specific commands to activate the virtual environment:

<pre class="prettyprint lang-bsh">
  <code class="devsite-terminal">source ~/tensorflow/<var>venv</var>/bin/activate      # bash, sh, ksh, or zsh</code>
  <code class="devsite-terminal">source ~/tensorflow/<var>venv</var>/bin/activate.csh  # csh or tcsh</code>
  <code class="devsite-terminal">. ~/tensorflow/<var>venv</var>/bin/activate.fish      # fish</code>
</pre>

When the Virtualenv is activated, the shell prompt displays as `(venv) $`.

##### 4. Upgrade `pip` in the virtual environment.

Within the active virtual environment, upgrade `pip`:

<pre class="prettyprint lang-bsh">
(venv)$ pip install -U pip
</pre>

You can install other Python packages within the virtual environment without
affecting packages outside the `virtualenv`.

##### 5. Install TensorFlow in the virtual environment.

Choose one of the available TensorFlow packages for installation:

* `tensorflow` —Current release for CPU
* `tensorflow-gpu` —Current release with GPU support
* `tf-nightly` —Nightly build for CPU
* `tf-nightly-gpu` —Nightly build with GPU support

Within an active Virtualenv environment, use `pip` to install the package:

<pre class="prettyprint lang-bsh">
  <code class="devsite-terminal">pip install -U tensorflow</code>
</pre>

Use `pip list` to show the packages installed in the virtual environment.
[Validate the install](#ValidateYourInstallation) and test the version:

<pre class="prettyprint lang-bsh">
(venv)$ python -c "import tensorflow as tf; print(tf.__version__)"
</pre>

Success: TensorFlow is now installed.

Use the `deactivate` command to stop the Python virtual environment.

#### Problems

If the above steps failed, try installing the TensorFlow binary using the remote
URL of the `pip` package:

<pre class="prettyprint lang-bsh">
(venv)$ pip install --upgrade <var>remote-pkg-URL</var>   # Python 2.7
(venv)$ pip3 install --upgrade <var>remote-pkg-URL</var>  # Python 3.n
</pre>

The <var>remote-pkg-URL</var> depends on the operating system, Python version,
and GPU support. See [here](#the_url_of_the_tensorflow_python_package) for the
URL naming scheme and location.

See [Common Installation Problems](#common_installation_problems) if you
encounter problems.

#### Uninstall TensorFlow

To uninstall TensorFlow, remove the Virtualenv directory you created in step 2:

<pre class="prettyprint lang-bsh">
  <code class="devsite-terminal">deactivate  # stop the virtualenv</code>
  <code class="devsite-terminal">rm -r ~/tensorflow/<var>venv</var></code>
</pre>


<a name="InstallingNativePip"></a>
### Use `pip` in your system environment

Use `pip` to install the TensorFlow package directly on your system without
using a container or virtual environment for isolation. This method is
recommended for system administrators that want a TensorFlow installation that is
available to everyone on a multi-user system.

Since a system install is not isolated, it could interfere with other
Python-based installations. But if you understand `pip` and your Python
environment, a system `pip` install is straightforward.

See the
[REQUIRED_PACKAGES section of setup.py](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/tensorflow/tools/pip_package/setup.py)
for a list of packages that TensorFlow installs.

##### 1. Install Python, `pip`, and `virtualenv`.

On Ubuntu, Python is automatically installed and `pip` is *usually* installed.
Confirm the `python` and `pip` versions:

<pre class="prettyprint lang-bsh">
  <code class="devsite-terminal">python -V  # or: python3 -V</code>
  <code class="devsite-terminal">pip -V     # or: pip3 -V</code>
</pre>

To install these packages on Ubuntu:

<pre class="prettyprint lang-bsh">
  <code class="devsite-terminal">sudo apt-get install python-pip python-dev   # for Python 2.7</code>
  <code class="devsite-terminal">sudo apt-get install python3-pip python3-dev # for Python 3.n</code>
</pre>

We *recommend* using `pip` version 8.1 or higher. If using a release before
version 8.1,  upgrade `pip`:

<pre class="prettyprint lang-bsh">
  <code class="devsite-terminal">sudo pip install -U pip</code>
</pre>

If not using Ubuntu and [setuptools](https://pypi.org/project/setuptools/) is
installed, use `easy_install` to install `pip`:

<pre class="prettyprint lang-bsh">
  <code class="devsite-terminal">easy_install -U pip</code>
</pre>

##### 2. Install TensorFlow on system.

Choose one of the available TensorFlow packages for installation:

* `tensorflow` —Current release for CPU
* `tensorflow-gpu` —Current release with GPU support
* `tf-nightly` —Nightly build for CPU
* `tf-nightly-gpu` —Nightly build with GPU support

And use `pip` to install the package for Python 2 or 3:

<pre class="prettyprint lang-bsh">
  <code class="devsite-terminal">sudo pip install -U tensorflow   # Python 2.7</code>
  <code class="devsite-terminal">sudo pip3 install -U tensorflow  # Python 3.n</code>
</pre>

Use `pip list` to show the packages installed on the system.
[Validate the install](#ValidateYourInstallation) and test the version:

<pre class="prettyprint lang-bsh">
  <code class="devsite-terminal">python -c "import tensorflow as tf; print(tf.__version__)"</code>
</pre>

Success: TensorFlow is now installed.

#### Problems

If the above steps failed, try installing the TensorFlow binary using the remote
URL of the `pip` package:

<pre class="prettyprint lang-bsh">
  <code class="devsite-terminal">sudo pip install --upgrade <var>remote-pkg-URL</var>   # Python 2.7</code>
  <code class="devsite-terminal">sudo pip3 install --upgrade <var>remote-pkg-URL</var>  # Python 3.n</code>
</pre>

The <var>remote-pkg-URL</var> depends on the operating system, Python version,
and GPU support. See [here](#the_url_of_the_tensorflow_python_package) for the
URL naming scheme and location.

See [Common Installation Problems](#common_installation_problems) if you
encounter problems.

#### Uninstall TensorFlow

To uninstall TensorFlow on your system, use one of following commands:

<pre class="prettyprint lang-bsh">
  <code class="devsite-terminal">sudo pip uninstall tensorflow   # for Python 2.7</code>
  <code class="devsite-terminal">sudo pip3 uninstall tensorflow  # for Python 3.n</code>
</pre>

<a name="InstallingDocker"></a>
### Configure a Docker container

Docker completely isolates the TensorFlow installation
from pre-existing packages on your machine. The Docker container contains
TensorFlow and all its dependencies. Note that the Docker image can be quite
large (hundreds of MBs). You might choose the Docker installation if you are
incorporating TensorFlow into a larger application architecture that already
uses Docker.

Take the following steps to install TensorFlow through Docker:

  1. Install Docker on your machine as described in the
     [Docker documentation](http://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/).
  2. Optionally, create a Linux group called <code>docker</code> to allow
     launching containers without sudo as described in the
     [Docker documentation](https://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/linux/linux-postinstall/).
     (If you don't do this step, you'll have to use sudo each time
     you invoke Docker.)
  3. To install a version of TensorFlow that supports GPUs, you must first
     install [nvidia-docker](https://github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-docker), which
     is stored in github.
  4. Launch a Docker container that contains one of the
     [TensorFlow binary images](https://hub.docker.com/r/tensorflow/tensorflow/tags/).

The remainder of this section explains how to launch a Docker container.


#### CPU-only

To launch a Docker container with CPU-only support (that is, without
GPU support), enter a command of the following format:

<pre>
$ docker run -it <i>-p hostPort:containerPort TensorFlowCPUImage</i>
</pre>

where:

  * <tt><i>-p hostPort:containerPort</i></tt> is optional.
    If you plan to run TensorFlow programs from the shell, omit this option.
    If you plan to run TensorFlow programs as Jupyter notebooks, set both
    <tt><i>hostPort</i></tt> and <tt><i>containerPort</i></tt>
    to <tt>8888</tt>.  If you'd like to run TensorBoard inside the container,
    add a second `-p` flag, setting both <i>hostPort</i> and <i>containerPort</i>
    to 6006.
  * <tt><i>TensorFlowCPUImage</i></tt> is required. It identifies the Docker
    container. Specify one of the following values:
    * <tt>tensorflow/tensorflow</tt>, which is the TensorFlow CPU binary image.
    * <tt>tensorflow/tensorflow:latest-devel</tt>, which is the latest
      TensorFlow CPU Binary image plus source code.
    * <tt>tensorflow/tensorflow:<i>version</i></tt>, which is the
      specified version (for example, 1.1.0rc1) of TensorFlow CPU binary image.
    * <tt>tensorflow/tensorflow:<i>version</i>-devel</tt>, which is
      the specified version (for example, 1.1.0rc1) of the TensorFlow GPU
      binary image plus source code.

    TensorFlow images are available at
    [dockerhub](https://hub.docker.com/r/tensorflow/tensorflow/).

For example, the following command launches the latest TensorFlow CPU binary image
in a Docker container from which you can run TensorFlow programs in a shell:

<pre>
$ <b>docker run -it tensorflow/tensorflow bash</b>
</pre>

The following command also launches the latest TensorFlow CPU binary image in a
Docker container. However, in this Docker container, you can run TensorFlow
programs in a Jupyter notebook:

<pre>
$ <b>docker run -it -p 8888:8888 tensorflow/tensorflow</b>
</pre>

Docker will download the TensorFlow binary image the first time you launch it.


#### GPU support

Prior to installing TensorFlow with GPU support, ensure that your system meets all
[NVIDIA software requirements](#NVIDIARequirements).  To launch a Docker container
with NVidia GPU support, enter a command of the following format:

<pre>
$ <b>nvidia-docker run -it</b> <i>-p hostPort:containerPort TensorFlowGPUImage</i>
</pre>

where:

  * <tt><i>-p hostPort:containerPort</i></tt> is optional. If you plan
    to run TensorFlow programs from the shell, omit this option. If you plan
    to run TensorFlow programs as Jupyter notebooks, set both
    <tt><i>hostPort</i></tt> and <code><em>containerPort</em></code> to `8888`.
  * <i>TensorFlowGPUImage</i> specifies the Docker container. You must
    specify one of the following values:
    * <tt>tensorflow/tensorflow:latest-gpu</tt>, which is the latest
      TensorFlow GPU binary image.
    * <tt>tensorflow/tensorflow:latest-devel-gpu</tt>, which is
      the latest TensorFlow GPU Binary image plus source code.
    * <tt>tensorflow/tensorflow:<i>version</i>-gpu</tt>, which is the
      specified version (for example, 0.12.1) of the TensorFlow GPU
      binary image.
    * <tt>tensorflow/tensorflow:<i>version</i>-devel-gpu</tt>, which is
      the specified version (for example, 0.12.1) of the TensorFlow GPU
      binary image plus source code.

We recommend installing one of the `latest` versions. For example, the
following command launches the latest TensorFlow GPU binary image in a
Docker container from which you can run TensorFlow programs in a shell:

<pre>
$ <b>nvidia-docker run -it tensorflow/tensorflow:latest-gpu bash</b>
</pre>

The following command also launches the latest TensorFlow GPU binary image
in a Docker container. In this Docker container, you can run TensorFlow
programs in a Jupyter notebook:

<pre>
$ <b>nvidia-docker run -it -p 8888:8888 tensorflow/tensorflow:latest-gpu</b>
</pre>

The following command installs an older TensorFlow version (0.12.1):

<pre>
$ <b>nvidia-docker run -it -p 8888:8888 tensorflow/tensorflow:0.12.1-gpu</b>
</pre>

Docker will download the TensorFlow binary image the first time you launch it.
For more details see the
[TensorFlow docker readme](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/tree/master/tensorflow/tools/docker).


#### Next Steps

You should now
[validate your installation](#ValidateYourInstallation).


<a name="InstallingAnaconda"></a>
### Use `pip` in Anaconda

Anaconda provides the `conda` utility to create a virtual environment. However,
within Anaconda, we recommend installing TensorFlow using the `pip install`
command and *not* with the `conda install` command.

Caution: `conda` is a community supported package this is not officially
maintained by the TensorFlow team. Use this package at your own risk since it is
not tested on new TensorFlow releases.

Take the following steps to install TensorFlow in an Anaconda environment:

  1. Follow the instructions on the
     [Anaconda download site](https://www.continuum.io/downloads)
     to download and install Anaconda.

  2. Create a conda environment named <tt>tensorflow</tt> to run a version
     of Python by invoking the following command:

     <pre>$ <b>conda create -n tensorflow pip python=2.7 # or python=3.3, etc.</b></pre>

  3. Activate the conda environment by issuing the following command:

     <pre>$ <b>source activate tensorflow</b>
     (tensorflow)$  # Your prompt should change </pre>

  4. Issue a command of the following format to install
     TensorFlow inside your conda environment:

     <pre>(tensorflow)$ <b>pip install --ignore-installed --upgrade</b> <i>tfBinaryURL</i></pre>

     where <code><em>tfBinaryURL</em></code> is the
     [URL of the TensorFlow Python package](#the_url_of_the_tensorflow_python_package).
     For example, the following command installs the CPU-only version of
     TensorFlow for Python 3.4:

     <pre>
     (tensorflow)$ <b>pip install --ignore-installed --upgrade \
     https://storage.googleapis.com/tensorflow/linux/cpu/tensorflow-1.9.0rc1-cp34-cp34m-linux_x86_64.whl</b></pre>

<a name="ValidateYourInstallation"></a>
## Validate your installation

To validate your TensorFlow installation, do the following:

  1. Ensure that your environment is prepared to run TensorFlow programs.
  2. Run a short TensorFlow program.


### Prepare your environment

If you installed on native pip, Virtualenv, or Anaconda, then
do the following:

  1. Start a terminal.
  2. If you installed with Virtualenv or Anaconda, activate your container.
  3. If you installed TensorFlow source code, navigate to any
     directory *except* one containing TensorFlow source code.

If you installed through Docker, start a Docker container
from which you can run bash. For example:

<pre>
$ <b>docker run -it tensorflow/tensorflow bash</b>
</pre>


### Run a short TensorFlow program

Invoke python from your shell as follows:

<pre>$ <b>python</b></pre>

Enter the following short program inside the python interactive shell:

```python
# Python
import tensorflow as tf
hello = tf.constant('Hello, TensorFlow!')
sess = tf.Session()
print(sess.run(hello))
```

If the system outputs the following, then you are ready to begin writing
TensorFlow programs:

<pre>Hello, TensorFlow!</pre>

If the system outputs an error message instead of a greeting, see [Common
installation problems](#common_installation_problems).

If you are new to machine learning, we recommend the following:

*  [Machine Learning Crash Course](https://developers.google.com/machine-learning/crash-course)
*  @{$get_started/eager}

If you are experienced with machine learning but new to TensorFlow, see
@{$get_started/eager}.

<a name="NVIDIARequirements"></a>
## TensorFlow GPU support

To install TensorFlow with GPU support, configure the following NVIDIA® software
on your system:

* [CUDA Toolkit 9.0](http://nvidia.com/cuda). For details, see
  [NVIDIA's documentation](http://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/).
  Append the relevant CUDA pathnames to the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` environmental
  variable as described in the NVIDIA documentation.
* [cuDNN SDK v7](http://developer.nvidia.com/cudnn). For details, see
  [NVIDIA's documentation](http://docs.nvidia.com/deeplearning/sdk/cudnn-install/).
  Create the `CUDA_HOME` environment variable as described in the NVIDIA
  documentation.
* A GPU card with CUDA Compute Capability 3.0 or higher for building TensorFlow
  from source. To use the TensorFlow binaries, version 3.5 or higher is required.
  See the [NVIDIA documentation](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-gpus) for a
  list of supported GPU cards.
* [GPU drivers](http://nvidia.com/drivers) that support your version of the CUDA
  Toolkit.
* The `libcupti-dev` library is the NVIDIA CUDA Profile Tools Interface. This
  library provides advanced profiling support. To install this library,
  use the following command for CUDA Toolkit >= 8.0:

<pre class="prettyprint lang-bsh">
  <code class="devsite-terminal">sudo apt-get install cuda-command-line-tools</code>
</pre>

Add this path to the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` environmental variable:

<pre class="prettyprint lang-bsh">
  <code class="devsite-terminal">export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:}/usr/local/cuda/extras/CUPTI/lib64</code>
</pre>

* *OPTIONAL*:  For optimized performance during inference, install
  *NVIDIA&nbsp;TensorRT&nbsp;3.0*. To install the minimal amount of TensorRT
  runtime components required to use with the pre-built `tensorflow-gpu` package:

<pre class="prettyprint lang-bsh">
  <code class="devsite-terminal">wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/machine-learning/repos/ubuntu1404/x86_64/nvinfer-runtime-trt-repo-ubuntu1404-3.0.4-ga-cuda9.0_1.0-1_amd64.deb</code>
  <code class="devsite-terminal">sudo dpkg -i nvinfer-runtime-trt-repo-ubuntu1404-3.0.4-ga-cuda9.0_1.0-1_amd64.deb</code>
  <code class="devsite-terminal">sudo apt-get update</code>
  <code class="devsite-terminal">sudo apt-get install -y --allow-downgrades libnvinfer-dev libcudnn7-dev=7.0.5.15-1+cuda9.0 libcudnn7=7.0.5.15-1+cuda9.0</code>
</pre>

Note: For compatibility with the pre-built `tensorflow-gpu` package, use the
Ubuntu *14.04* package of TensorRT (shown above). Use this even when installing
on an Ubuntu 16.04 system.

To build the TensorFlow-TensorRT integration module from source instead of using
the pre-built binaries, see the
[module documentation](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/tree/master/tensorflow/contrib/tensorrt#using-tensorrt-in-tensorflow).
For detailed TensorRT installation instructions, see
[NVIDIA's TensorRT documentation](http://docs.nvidia.com/deeplearning/sdk/tensorrt-install-guide/index.html).

To avoid cuDNN version conflicts during later system upgrades, hold the cuDNN
version at 7.0.5:

<pre class="prettyprint lang-bsh">
  <code class="devsite-terminal">sudo apt-mark hold libcudnn7 libcudnn7-dev</code>
</pre>

To allow upgrades, remove the this hold:

<pre class="prettyprint lang-bsh">
  <code class="devsite-terminal">sudo apt-mark unhold libcudnn7 libcudnn7-dev</code>
</pre>

If you have an earlier version of the preceding packages, upgrade to the
specified versions. If upgrading is not possible, you can still run TensorFlow
with GPU support by @{$install_sources}.


## Common installation problems

We are relying on Stack Overflow to document TensorFlow installation problems
and their remedies.  The following table contains links to Stack Overflow
answers for some common installation problems.
If you encounter an error message or other
installation problem not listed in the following table, search for it
on Stack Overflow.  If Stack Overflow doesn't show the error message,
ask a new question about it on Stack Overflow and specify
the `tensorflow` tag.

<table>
<tr> <th>Link to GitHub or Stack&nbsp;Overflow</th> <th>Error Message</th> </tr>

<tr>
  <td><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/q/36159194">36159194</a></td>
  <td><pre>ImportError: libcudart.so.<i>Version</i>: cannot open shared object file:
  No such file or directory</pre></td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/q/41991101">41991101</a></td>
  <td><pre>ImportError: libcudnn.<i>Version</i>: cannot open shared object file:
  No such file or directory</pre></td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/q/36371137">36371137</a> and
  <a href="#Protobuf31">here</a></td>
  <td><pre>libprotobuf ERROR google/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.cc:207] A
  protocol message was rejected because it was too big (more than 67108864 bytes).
  To increase the limit (or to disable these warnings), see
  CodedInputStream::SetTotalBytesLimit() in google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h.</pre></td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/q/35252888">35252888</a></td>
  <td><pre>Error importing tensorflow. Unless you are using bazel, you should
  not try to import tensorflow from its source directory; please exit the
  tensorflow source tree, and relaunch your python interpreter from
  there.</pre></td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/q/33623453">33623453</a></td>
  <td><pre>IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory:
  '/tmp/pip-o6Tpui-build/setup.py'</tt></pre>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/q/42006320">42006320</a></td>
  <td><pre>ImportError: Traceback (most recent call last):
  File ".../tensorflow/core/framework/graph_pb2.py", line 6, in <module>
  from google.protobuf import descriptor as _descriptor
  ImportError: cannot import name 'descriptor'</pre>
  </td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/35190574">35190574</a> </td>
  <td><pre>SSLError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify
  failed</pre></td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/q/42009190">42009190</a></td>
  <td><pre>
  Installing collected packages: setuptools, protobuf, wheel, numpy, tensorflow
  Found existing installation: setuptools 1.1.6
  Uninstalling setuptools-1.1.6:
  Exception:
  ...
  [Errno 1] Operation not permitted:
  '/tmp/pip-a1DXRT-uninstall/.../lib/python/_markerlib' </pre></td>
</tr>

<tr>
  <td><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/36933958">36933958</a></td>
  <td><pre>
  ...
  Installing collected packages: setuptools, protobuf, wheel, numpy, tensorflow
  Found existing installation: setuptools 1.1.6
  Uninstalling setuptools-1.1.6:
  Exception:
  ...
  [Errno 1] Operation not permitted:
  '/tmp/pip-a1DXRT-uninstall/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/
   Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/_markerlib'</pre>
  </td>
</tr>

</table>


<a name="TF_PYTHON_URL"></a>
## The URL of the TensorFlow Python package

A few installation mechanisms require the URL of the TensorFlow Python package.
The value you specify depends on three factors:

  * operating system
  * Python version
  * CPU only vs. GPU support

This section documents the relevant values for Linux installations.


### Python 2.7

CPU only:

<pre>
https://storage.googleapis.com/tensorflow/linux/cpu/tensorflow-1.9.0rc1-cp27-none-linux_x86_64.whl
</pre>


GPU support:

<pre>
https://storage.googleapis.com/tensorflow/linux/gpu/tensorflow_gpu-1.9.0rc1-cp27-none-linux_x86_64.whl
</pre>

Note that GPU support requires the NVIDIA hardware and software described in
[NVIDIA requirements to run TensorFlow with GPU support](#NVIDIARequirements).


### Python 3.4

CPU only:

<pre>
https://storage.googleapis.com/tensorflow/linux/cpu/tensorflow-1.9.0rc1-cp34-cp34m-linux_x86_64.whl
</pre>


GPU support:

<pre>
https://storage.googleapis.com/tensorflow/linux/gpu/tensorflow_gpu-1.9.0rc1-cp34-cp34m-linux_x86_64.whl
</pre>

Note that GPU support requires the NVIDIA hardware and software described in
[NVIDIA requirements to run TensorFlow with GPU support](#NVIDIARequirements).


### Python 3.5

CPU only:

<pre>
https://storage.googleapis.com/tensorflow/linux/cpu/tensorflow-1.9.0rc1-cp35-cp35m-linux_x86_64.whl
</pre>


GPU support:

<pre>
https://storage.googleapis.com/tensorflow/linux/gpu/tensorflow_gpu-1.9.0rc1-cp35-cp35m-linux_x86_64.whl
</pre>


Note that GPU support requires the NVIDIA hardware and software described in
[NVIDIA requirements to run TensorFlow with GPU support](#NVIDIARequirements).

### Python 3.6

CPU only:

<pre>
https://storage.googleapis.com/tensorflow/linux/cpu/tensorflow-1.9.0rc1-cp36-cp36m-linux_x86_64.whl
</pre>


GPU support:

<pre>
https://storage.googleapis.com/tensorflow/linux/gpu/tensorflow_gpu-1.9.0rc1-cp36-cp36m-linux_x86_64.whl
</pre>


Note that GPU support requires the NVIDIA hardware and software described in
[NVIDIA requirements to run TensorFlow with GPU support](#NVIDIARequirements).
