# Building from Source

The Solana git repository contains all the scripts you might need to spin up your own local testnet. Depending on what you're looking to achieve, you may want to run a different variation, as the full-fledged, performance-enhanced multinode testnet is considerably more complex to set up than a Rust-only, singlenode testnode. If you are looking to develop high-level features, such as experimenting with smart contracts, save yourself some setup headaches and stick to the Rust-only singlenode demo. If you're doing performance optimization of the transaction pipeline, consider the enhanced singlenode demo. If you're doing consensus work, you'll need at least a Rust-only multinode demo. If you want to reproduce our TPS metrics, run the enhanced multinode demo.

For all four variations, you'd need the latest Rust toolchain and the Solana source code:

First, install Rust's package manager Cargo.

```bash
$ curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh
$ source $HOME/.cargo/env
```

Now checkout the code from github:

```bash
$ git clone https://github.com/solana-labs/solana.git
$ cd solana
```

The demo code is sometimes broken between releases as we add new low-level features, so if this is your first time running the demo, you'll improve your odds of success if you check out the [latest release](https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases) before proceeding:

```bash
$ TAG=$(git describe --tags $(git rev-list --tags --max-count=1))
$ git checkout $TAG
```

### Configuration Setup

Ensure important programs such as the vote program are built before any nodes are started. Note that we are using the release build here for good performance.
If you want the debug build, use just `cargo build` and omit the `NDEBUG=1` part of the command.

```bash
$ cargo build --release
```

The network is initialized with a genesis ledger generated by running the following script.

```bash
$ NDEBUG=1 ./multinode-demo/setup.sh
```

### Drone

In order for the validators and clients to work, we'll need to spin up a faucet to give out some test tokens. The faucet delivers Milton Friedman-style "air drops" \(free tokens to requesting clients\) to be used in test transactions.

Start the faucet with:

```bash
$ NDEBUG=1 ./multinode-demo/faucet.sh
```

### Singlenode Testnet

Before you start a validator, make sure you know the IP address of the machine you want to be the bootstrap validator for the demo, and make sure that udp ports 8000-10000 are open on all the machines you want to test with.

Now start the bootstrap validator in a separate shell:

```bash
$ NDEBUG=1 ./multinode-demo/bootstrap-validator.sh
```

Wait a few seconds for the server to initialize. It will print "leader ready..." when it's ready to receive transactions. The leader will request some tokens from the faucet if it doesn't have any. The faucet does not need to be running for subsequent leader starts.

### Multinode Testnet

To run a multinode testnet, after starting a leader node, spin up some additional validators in separate shells:

```bash
$ NDEBUG=1 ./multinode-demo/validator-x.sh
```

To run a performance-enhanced validator on Linux, [CUDA 10.0](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads) must be installed on your system:

```bash
$ ./fetch-perf-libs.sh
$ NDEBUG=1 SOLANA_CUDA=1 ./multinode-demo/bootstrap-validator.sh
$ NDEBUG=1 SOLANA_CUDA=1 ./multinode-demo/validator.sh
```

### Testnet Client Demo

Now that your singlenode or multinode testnet is up and running let's send it some transactions!

In a separate shell start the client:

```bash
$ NDEBUG=1 ./multinode-demo/bench-tps.sh # runs against localhost by default
```

What just happened? The client demo spins up several threads to send 500,000 transactions to the testnet as quickly as it can. The client then pings the testnet periodically to see how many transactions it processed in that time. Take note that the demo intentionally floods the network with UDP packets, such that the network will almost certainly drop a bunch of them. This ensures the testnet has an opportunity to reach 710k TPS. The client demo completes after it has convinced itself the testnet won't process any additional transactions. You should see several TPS measurements printed to the screen. In the multinode variation, you'll see TPS measurements for each validator node as well.

### Testnet Debugging

There are some useful debug messages in the code, you can enable them on a per-module and per-level basis. Before running a leader or validator set the normal RUST\_LOG environment variable.

For example

* To enable `info` everywhere and `debug` only in the solana::banking\_stage module:

  ```bash
  $ export RUST_LOG=solana=info,solana::banking_stage=debug
  ```

* To enable BPF program logging:

  ```bash
  $ export RUST_LOG=solana_bpf_loader=trace
  ```

Generally we are using `debug` for infrequent debug messages, `trace` for potentially frequent messages and `info` for performance-related logging.

You can also attach to a running process with GDB. The leader's process is named _solana-validator_:

```bash
$ sudo gdb
attach <PID>
set logging on
thread apply all bt
```

This will dump all the threads stack traces into gdb.txt

### Blockstreamer

Solana supports a node type called an _blockstreamer_. This validator variation is intended for applications that need to observe the data plane without participating in transaction validation or ledger replication.

A blockstreamer runs without a vote signer, and can optionally stream ledger entries out to a Unix domain socket as they are processed. The JSON-RPC service still functions as on any other node.

To run a blockstreamer, include the argument `no-signer` and \(optional\) `blockstream` socket location:

```bash
$ NDEBUG=1 ./multinode-demo/validator-x.sh --no-signer --blockstream <SOCKET>
```

The stream will output a series of JSON objects:

* An Entry event JSON object is sent when each ledger entry is processed, with the following fields:
  * `dt`, the system datetime, as RFC3339-formatted string
  * `t`, the event type, always "entry"
  * `s`, the slot height, as unsigned 64-bit integer
  * `h`, the tick height, as unsigned 64-bit integer
  * `entry`, the entry, as JSON object
* A Block event JSON object is sent when a block is complete, with the following fields:
  * `dt`, the system datetime, as RFC3339-formatted string
  * `t`, the event type, always "block"
  * `s`, the slot height, as unsigned 64-bit integer
  * `h`, the tick height, as unsigned 64-bit integer
  * `l`, the slot leader id, as base-58 encoded string
  * `hash`, the [blockhash](terminology.md#blockhash), as base-58 encoded string

## Public Testnet

In this example the client connects to our public testnet. To run validators on the testnet you would need to open udp ports `8000-10000`.

```bash
$ NDEBUG=1 ./multinode-demo/bench-tps.sh --entrypoint testnet.solana.com:8001 --faucet testnet.solana.com:9900 --duration 60 --tx_count 50
```

You can observe the effects of your client's transactions on our [dashboard](https://metrics.solana.com:3000/d/testnet/testnet-hud?orgId=2&from=now-30m&to=now&refresh=5s&var-testnet=testnet)
