/*
Package client is a Go client for the Docker Engine API.

For more information about the Engine API, see the documentation:
https://docs.docker.com/engine/api/

# Usage

You use the library by creating a client object and calling methods on it. The
client can be created either from environment variables with NewClientWithOpts(client.FromEnv),
or configured manually with NewClient().

For example, to list running containers (the equivalent of "docker ps"):

	package main

	import (
		"context"
		"fmt"

		"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
		"github.com/docker/docker/client"
	)

	func main() {
		cli, err := client.NewClientWithOpts(client.FromEnv)
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}

		containers, err := cli.ContainerList(context.Background(), types.ContainerListOptions{})
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}

		for _, container := range containers {
			fmt.Printf("%s %s\n", container.ID[:10], container.Image)
		}
	}
*/
package client // import "github.com/docker/docker/client"

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"net/http"
	"net/url"
	"path"
	"strings"

	"github.com/docker/docker/api"
	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/versions"
	"github.com/docker/go-connections/sockets"
	"github.com/pkg/errors"
)

// DummyHost is a hostname used for local communication.
//
// It acts as a valid formatted hostname for local connections (such as "unix://"
// or "npipe://") which do not require a hostname. It should never be resolved,
// but uses the special-purpose ".localhost" TLD (as defined in [RFC 2606, Section 2]
// and [RFC 6761, Section 6.3]).
//
// [RFC 7230, Section 5.4] defines that an empty header must be used for such
// cases:
//
//	If the authority component is missing or undefined for the target URI,
//	then a client MUST send a Host header field with an empty field-value.
//
// However, [Go stdlib] enforces the semantics of HTTP(S) over TCP, does not
// allow an empty header to be used, and requires req.URL.Scheme to be either
// "http" or "https".
//
// For further details, refer to:
//
//   - https://github.com/docker/engine-api/issues/189
//   - https://github.com/golang/go/issues/13624
//   - https://github.com/golang/go/issues/61076
//   - https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/45935
//
// [RFC 2606, Section 2]: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2606.html#section-2
// [RFC 6761, Section 6.3]: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6761#section-6.3
// [RFC 7230, Section 5.4]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7230#section-5.4
// [Go stdlib]: https://github.com/golang/go/blob/6244b1946bc2101b01955468f1be502dbadd6807/src/net/http/transport.go#L558-L569
const DummyHost = "api.moby.localhost"

// ErrRedirect is the error returned by checkRedirect when the request is non-GET.
var ErrRedirect = errors.New("unexpected redirect in response")

// Client is the API client that performs all operations
// against a docker server.
type Client struct {
	// scheme sets the scheme for the client
	scheme string
	// host holds the server address to connect to
	host string
	// proto holds the client protocol i.e. unix.
	proto string
	// addr holds the client address.
	addr string
	// basePath holds the path to prepend to the requests.
	basePath string
	// client used to send and receive http requests.
	client *http.Client
	// version of the server to talk to.
	version string
	// custom http headers configured by users.
	customHTTPHeaders map[string]string
	// manualOverride is set to true when the version was set by users.
	manualOverride bool

	// negotiateVersion indicates if the client should automatically negotiate
	// the API version to use when making requests. API version negotiation is
	// performed on the first request, after which negotiated is set to "true"
	// so that subsequent requests do not re-negotiate.
	negotiateVersion bool

	// negotiated indicates that API version negotiation took place
	negotiated bool
}

// CheckRedirect specifies the policy for dealing with redirect responses:
// If the request is non-GET return `ErrRedirect`. Otherwise use the last response.
//
// Go 1.8 changes behavior for HTTP redirects (specifically 301, 307, and 308) in the client .
// The Docker client (and by extension docker API client) can be made to send a request
// like POST /containers//start where what would normally be in the name section of the URL is empty.
// This triggers an HTTP 301 from the daemon.
// In go 1.8 this 301 will be converted to a GET request, and ends up getting a 404 from the daemon.
// This behavior change manifests in the client in that before the 301 was not followed and
// the client did not generate an error, but now results in a message like Error response from daemon: page not found.
func CheckRedirect(req *http.Request, via []*http.Request) error {
	if via[0].Method == http.MethodGet {
		return http.ErrUseLastResponse
	}
	return ErrRedirect
}

// NewClientWithOpts initializes a new API client with default values. It takes functors
// to modify values when creating it, like `NewClientWithOpts(WithVersion(…))`
// It also initializes the custom http headers to add to each request.
//
// It won't send any version information if the version number is empty. It is
// highly recommended that you set a version or your client may break if the
// server is upgraded.
func NewClientWithOpts(ops ...Opt) (*Client, error) {
	client, err := defaultHTTPClient(DefaultDockerHost)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	c := &Client{
		host:    DefaultDockerHost,
		version: api.DefaultVersion,
		client:  client,
		proto:   defaultProto,
		addr:    defaultAddr,
	}

	for _, op := range ops {
		if err := op(c); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}

	if c.scheme == "" {
		c.scheme = "http"

		tlsConfig := resolveTLSConfig(c.client.Transport)
		if tlsConfig != nil {
			// TODO(stevvooe): This isn't really the right way to write clients in Go.
			// `NewClient` should probably only take an `*http.Client` and work from there.
			// Unfortunately, the model of having a host-ish/url-thingy as the connection
			// string has us confusing protocol and transport layers. We continue doing
			// this to avoid breaking existing clients but this should be addressed.
			c.scheme = "https"
		}
	}

	return c, nil
}

func defaultHTTPClient(host string) (*http.Client, error) {
	url, err := ParseHostURL(host)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	transport := new(http.Transport)
	sockets.ConfigureTransport(transport, url.Scheme, url.Host)
	return &http.Client{
		Transport:     transport,
		CheckRedirect: CheckRedirect,
	}, nil
}

// Close the transport used by the client
func (cli *Client) Close() error {
	if t, ok := cli.client.Transport.(*http.Transport); ok {
		t.CloseIdleConnections()
	}
	return nil
}

// getAPIPath returns the versioned request path to call the api.
// It appends the query parameters to the path if they are not empty.
func (cli *Client) getAPIPath(ctx context.Context, p string, query url.Values) string {
	var apiPath string
	if cli.negotiateVersion && !cli.negotiated {
		cli.NegotiateAPIVersion(ctx)
	}
	if cli.version != "" {
		v := strings.TrimPrefix(cli.version, "v")
		apiPath = path.Join(cli.basePath, "/v"+v, p)
	} else {
		apiPath = path.Join(cli.basePath, p)
	}
	return (&url.URL{Path: apiPath, RawQuery: query.Encode()}).String()
}

// ClientVersion returns the API version used by this client.
func (cli *Client) ClientVersion() string {
	return cli.version
}

// NegotiateAPIVersion queries the API and updates the version to match the
// API version. Any errors are silently ignored. If a manual override is in place,
// either through the `DOCKER_API_VERSION` environment variable, or if the client
// was initialized with a fixed version (`opts.WithVersion(xx)`), no negotiation
// will be performed.
func (cli *Client) NegotiateAPIVersion(ctx context.Context) {
	if !cli.manualOverride {
		ping, _ := cli.Ping(ctx)
		cli.negotiateAPIVersionPing(ping)
	}
}

// NegotiateAPIVersionPing updates the client version to match the Ping.APIVersion
// if the ping version is less than the default version.  If a manual override is
// in place, either through the `DOCKER_API_VERSION` environment variable, or if
// the client was initialized with a fixed version (`opts.WithVersion(xx)`), no
// negotiation is performed.
func (cli *Client) NegotiateAPIVersionPing(p types.Ping) {
	if !cli.manualOverride {
		cli.negotiateAPIVersionPing(p)
	}
}

// negotiateAPIVersionPing queries the API and updates the version to match the
// API version. Any errors are silently ignored.
func (cli *Client) negotiateAPIVersionPing(p types.Ping) {
	// try the latest version before versioning headers existed
	if p.APIVersion == "" {
		p.APIVersion = "1.24"
	}

	// if the client is not initialized with a version, start with the latest supported version
	if cli.version == "" {
		cli.version = api.DefaultVersion
	}

	// if server version is lower than the client version, downgrade
	if versions.LessThan(p.APIVersion, cli.version) {
		cli.version = p.APIVersion
	}

	// Store the results, so that automatic API version negotiation (if enabled)
	// won't be performed on the next request.
	if cli.negotiateVersion {
		cli.negotiated = true
	}
}

// DaemonHost returns the host address used by the client
func (cli *Client) DaemonHost() string {
	return cli.host
}

// HTTPClient returns a copy of the HTTP client bound to the server
func (cli *Client) HTTPClient() *http.Client {
	c := *cli.client
	return &c
}

// ParseHostURL parses a url string, validates the string is a host url, and
// returns the parsed URL
func ParseHostURL(host string) (*url.URL, error) {
	protoAddrParts := strings.SplitN(host, "://", 2)
	if len(protoAddrParts) == 1 {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to parse docker host `%s`", host)
	}

	var basePath string
	proto, addr := protoAddrParts[0], protoAddrParts[1]
	if proto == "tcp" {
		parsed, err := url.Parse("tcp://" + addr)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		addr = parsed.Host
		basePath = parsed.Path
	}
	return &url.URL{
		Scheme: proto,
		Host:   addr,
		Path:   basePath,
	}, nil
}

// CustomHTTPHeaders returns the custom http headers stored by the client.
func (cli *Client) CustomHTTPHeaders() map[string]string {
	m := make(map[string]string)
	for k, v := range cli.customHTTPHeaders {
		m[k] = v
	}
	return m
}

// SetCustomHTTPHeaders that will be set on every HTTP request made by the client.
// Deprecated: use WithHTTPHeaders when creating the client.
func (cli *Client) SetCustomHTTPHeaders(headers map[string]string) {
	cli.customHTTPHeaders = headers
}

// Dialer returns a dialer for a raw stream connection, with HTTP/1.1 header, that can be used for proxying the daemon connection.
// Used by `docker dial-stdio` (docker/cli#889).
func (cli *Client) Dialer() func(context.Context) (net.Conn, error) {
	return func(ctx context.Context) (net.Conn, error) {
		if transport, ok := cli.client.Transport.(*http.Transport); ok {
			if transport.DialContext != nil && transport.TLSClientConfig == nil {
				return transport.DialContext(ctx, cli.proto, cli.addr)
			}
		}
		return fallbackDial(cli.proto, cli.addr, resolveTLSConfig(cli.client.Transport))
	}
}
