In the current spec No, as it requires the navigation's initial URL and prefetch record's URL should be the same (modulo NVS).

However, in the current Chromium's implementation Yes, the prefetch record is used for navigation also when the navigation is redirected to Prefetch record's URL, and there might be use cases for such cases.

For broader case analysis: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1LKEX8eb34SDbPQcd0XpaYigzczipJmSejqWC5I93tYQ/edit?tab=t.0

Filing for tracking the issue, related WPTs and Chromium crbug.