---
title: Metadata Object and generateMetadata Options
nav_title: generateMetadata
description: Learn how to add Metadata to your Next.js application for improved search engine optimization (SEO) and web shareability.
related:
  title: Next Steps
  description: View all the Metadata API options.
  links:
    - app/api-reference/file-conventions/metadata
    - app/building-your-application/optimizing/metadata
---

This page covers all **Config-based Metadata** options with `generateMetadata` and the static metadata object.

```tsx filename="layout.tsx / page.tsx" switcher
import { Metadata } from 'next'

// either Static metadata
export const metadata: Metadata = {
  title: '...',
}

// or Dynamic metadata
export async function generateMetadata({ params }) {
  return {
    title: '...',
  }
}
```

```jsx filename="layout.js / page.js" switcher
// either Static metadata
export const metadata = {
  title: '...',
}

// or Dynamic metadata
export async function generateMetadata({ params }) {
  return {
    title: '...',
  }
}
```

> **Good to know**:
>
> - The `metadata` object and `generateMetadata` function exports are **only supported in Server Components**.
> - You cannot export both the `metadata` object and `generateMetadata` function from the same route segment.

## The `metadata` object

To define static metadata, export a [`Metadata` object](#metadata-fields) from a `layout.js` or `page.js` file.

```tsx filename="layout.tsx / page.tsx" switcher
import { Metadata } from 'next'

export const metadata: Metadata = {
  title: '...',
  description: '...',
}

export default function Page() {}
```

```jsx filename="layout.js / page.js" switcher
export const metadata = {
  title: '...',
  description: '...',
}

export default function Page() {}
```

See the [Metadata Fields](#metadata-fields) for a complete list of supported options.

## `generateMetadata` function

Dynamic metadata depends on **dynamic information**, such as the current route parameters, external data, or `metadata` in parent segments, can be set by exporting a `generateMetadata` function that returns a [`Metadata` object](#metadata-fields).

```tsx filename="app/products/[id]/page.tsx" switcher
import { Metadata, ResolvingMetadata } from 'next'

type Props = {
  params: { id: string }
  searchParams: { [key: string]: string | string[] | undefined }
}

export async function generateMetadata(
  { params, searchParams }: Props,
  parent: ResolvingMetadata
): Promise<Metadata> {
  // read route params
  const id = params.id

  // fetch data
  const product = await fetch(`https://.../${id}`).then((res) => res.json())

  // optionally access and extend (rather than replace) parent metadata
  const previousImages = (await parent).openGraph?.images || []

  return {
    title: product.title,
    openGraph: {
      images: ['/some-specific-page-image.jpg', ...previousImages],
    },
  }
}

export default function Page({ params, searchParams }: Props) {}
```

```jsx filename="app/products/[id]/page.js" switcher
export async function generateMetadata({ params, searchParams }, parent) {
  // read route params
  const id = params.id

  // fetch data
  const product = await fetch(`https://.../${id}`).then((res) => res.json())

  // optionally access and extend (rather than replace) parent metadata
  const previousImages = (await parent).openGraph?.images || []

  return {
    title: product.title,
    openGraph: {
      images: ['/some-specific-page-image.jpg', ...previousImages],
    },
  }
}

export default function Page({ params, searchParams }) {}
```

### Parameters

`generateMetadata` function accepts the following parameters:

- `props` - An object containing the parameters of the current route:

  - `params` - An object containing the [dynamic route parameters](/docs/app/building-your-application/routing/dynamic-routes) object from the root segment down to the segment `generateMetadata` is called from. Examples:

    | Route                           | URL         | `params`                  |
    | ------------------------------- | ----------- | ------------------------- |
    | `app/shop/[slug]/page.js`       | `/shop/1`   | `{ slug: '1' }`           |
    | `app/shop/[tag]/[item]/page.js` | `/shop/1/2` | `{ tag: '1', item: '2' }` |
    | `app/shop/[...slug]/page.js`    | `/shop/1/2` | `{ slug: ['1', '2'] }`    |

  - `searchParams` - An object containing the current URL's [search params](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/Common_questions/What_is_a_URL#parameters). Examples:

    | URL             | `searchParams`       |
    | --------------- | -------------------- |
    | `/shop?a=1`     | `{ a: '1' }`         |
    | `/shop?a=1&b=2` | `{ a: '1', b: '2' }` |
    | `/shop?a=1&a=2` | `{ a: ['1', '2'] }`  |

- `parent` - A promise of the resolved metadata from parent route segments.

### Returns

`generateMetadata` should return a [`Metadata` object](#metadata-fields) containing one or more metadata fields.

> **Good to know**:
>
> - If metadata doesn't depend on runtime information, it should be defined using the static [`metadata` object](#the-metadata-object) rather than `generateMetadata`.
> - `fetch` requests are automatically [memoized](/docs/app/building-your-application/caching#request-memoization) for the same data across `generateMetadata`, `generateStaticParams`, Layouts, Pages, and Server Components. React [`cache` can be used](/docs/app/building-your-application/caching#request-memoization) if `fetch` is unavailable.
> - `searchParams` are only available in `page.js` segments.
> - The [`redirect()`](/docs/app/api-reference/functions/redirect) and [`notFound()`](/docs/app/api-reference/functions/not-found) Next.js methods can also be used inside `generateMetadata`.

## Metadata Fields

### `title`

The `title` attribute is used to set the title of the document. It can be defined as a simple [string](#string) or an optional [template object](#template-object).

#### String

```jsx filename="layout.js / page.js"
export const metadata = {
  title: 'Next.js',
}
```

```html filename="<head> output" hideLineNumbers
<title>Next.js</title>
```

#### Template object

```tsx filename="app/layout.tsx" switcher
import { Metadata } from 'next'

export const metadata: Metadata = {
  title: {
    template: '...',
    default: '...',
    absolute: '...',
  },
}
```

```jsx filename="app/layout.js" switcher
export const metadata = {
  title: {
    default: '...',
    template: '...',
    absolute: '...',
  },
}
```

##### Default

`title.default` can be used to provide a **fallback title** to child route segments that don't define a `title`.

```tsx filename="app/layout.tsx"
import type { Metadata } from 'next'

export const metadata: Metadata = {
  title: {
    default: 'Acme',
  },
}
```

```tsx filename="app/about/page.tsx"
import type { Metadata } from 'next'

export const metadata: Metadata = {}

// Output: <title>Acme</title>
```

##### Template

`title.template` can be used to add a prefix or a suffix to `titles` defined in **child** route segments.

```tsx filename="app/layout.tsx" switcher
import { Metadata } from 'next'

export const metadata: Metadata = {
  title: {
    template: '%s | Acme',
    default: 'Acme', // a default is required when creating a template
  },
}
```

```jsx filename="app/layout.js" switcher
export const metadata = {
  title: {
    template: '%s | Acme',
    default: 'Acme', // a default is required when creating a template
  },
}
```

```tsx filename="app/about/page.tsx" switcher
import { Metadata } from 'next'

export const metadata: Metadata = {
  title: 'About',
}

// Output: <title>About | Acme</title>
```

```jsx filename="app/about/page.js" switcher
export const metadata = {
  title: 'About',
}

// Output: <title>About | Acme</title>
```

> **Good to know**:
>
> - `title.template` applies to **child** route segments and **not** the segment it's defined in. This means:
>
>   - `title.default` is **required** when you add a `title.template`.
>   - `title.template` defined in `layout.js` will not apply to a `title` defined in a `page.js` of the same route segment.
>   - `title.template` defined in `page.js` has no effect because a page is always the terminating segment (it doesn't have any children route segments).
>
> - `title.template` has **no effect** if a route has not defined a `title` or `title.default`.

##### Absolute

`title.absolute` can be used to provide a title that **ignores** `title.template` set in parent segments.

```tsx filename="app/layout.tsx" switcher
import { Metadata } from 'next'

export const metadata: Metadata = {
  title: {
    template: '%s | Acme',
  },
}
```

```jsx filename="app/layout.js" switcher
export const metadata = {
  title: {
    template: '%s | Acme',
  },
}
```

```tsx filename="app/about/page.tsx" switcher
import { Metadata } from 'next'

export const metadata: Metadata = {
  title: {
    absolute: 'About',
  },
}

// Output: <title>About</title>
```

```jsx filename="app/about/page.js" switcher
export const metadata = {
  title: {
    absolute: 'About',
  },
}

// Output: <title>About</title>
```

> **Good to know**:
>
> - `layout.js`
>
>   - `title` (string) and `title.default` define the default title for child segments (that do not define their own `title`). It will augment `title.template` from the closest parent segment if it exists.
>   - `title.absolute` defines the default title for child segments. It ignores `title.template` from parent segments.
>   - `title.template` defines a new title template for child segments.
>
> - `page.js`
>   - If a page does not define its own title the closest parents resolved title will be used.
>   - `title` (string) defines the routes title. It will augment `title.template` from the closest parent segment if it exists.
>   - `title.absolute` defines the route title. It ignores `title.template` from parent segments.
>   - `title.template` has no effect in `page.js` because a page is always the terminating segment of a route.

### `description`

```jsx filename="layout.js / page.js"
export const metadata = {
  description: 'The React Framework for the Web',
}
```

```html filename="<head> output" hideLineNumbers
<meta name="description" content="The React Framework for the Web" />
```

### Basic Fields

```jsx filename="layout.js / page.js"
export const metadata = {
  generator: 'Next.js',
  applicationName: 'Next.js',
  referrer: 'origin-when-cross-origin',
  keywords: ['Next.js', 'React', 'JavaScript'],
  authors: [{ name: 'Seb' }, { name: 'Josh', url: 'https://nextjs.org' }],
  colorScheme: 'dark',
  creator: 'Jiachi Liu',
  publisher: 'Sebastian Markbåge',
  formatDetection: {
    email: false,
    address: false,
    telephone: false,
  },
}
```

```html filename="<head> output" hideLineNumbers
<meta name="application-name" content="Next.js" />
<meta name="author" content="Seb" />
<link rel="author" href="https://nextjs.org" />
<meta name="author" content="Josh" />
<meta name="generator" content="Next.js" />
<meta name="keywords" content="Next.js,React,JavaScript" />
<meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin" />
<meta name="color-scheme" content="dark" />
<meta name="creator" content="Jiachi Liu" />
<meta name="publisher" content="Sebastian Markbåge" />
<meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no, address=no, email=no" />
```

### `metadataBase`

`metadataBase` is a convenience option to set a base URL prefix for `metadata` fields that require a fully qualified URL.

- `metadataBase` allows URL-based `metadata` fields defined in the **current route segment and below** to use a **relative path** instead of an otherwise required absolute URL.
- The field's relative path will be composed with `metadataBase` to form a fully qualified URL.
- If not configured, `metadataBase` is **automatically populated** with a [default value](#default-value).

```jsx filename="layout.js / page.js"
export const metadata = {
  metadataBase: new URL('https://acme.com'),
  alternates: {
    canonical: '/',
    languages: {
      'en-US': '/en-US',
      'de-DE': '/de-DE',
    },
  },
  openGraph: {
    images: '/og-image.png',
  },
}
```

```html filename="<head> output" hideLineNumbers
<link rel="canonical" href="https://acme.com" />
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-US" href="https://acme.com/en-US" />
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-DE" href="https://acme.com/de-DE" />
<meta property="og:image" content="https://acme.com/og-image.png" />
```

> **Good to know**:
>
> - `metadataBase` is typically set in root `app/layout.js` to apply to URL-based `metadata` fields across all routes.
> - All URL-based `metadata` fields that require absolute URLs can be configured with a `metadataBase` option.
> - `metadataBase` can contain a subdomain e.g. `https://app.acme.com` or base path e.g. `https://acme.com/start/from/here`
> - If a `metadata` field provides an absolute URL, `metadataBase` will be ignored.
> - Using a relative path in a URL-based `metadata` field without configuring a `metadataBase` will cause a build error.
> - Next.js will normalize duplicate slashes between `metadataBase` (e.g. `https://acme.com/`) and a relative field (e.g. `/path`) to a single slash (e.g. `https://acme.com/path`)

#### Default value

If not configured, `metadataBase` has a **default value**

- When [`VERCEL_URL`](https://vercel.com/docs/concepts/projects/environment-variables/system-environment-variables#:~:text=.-,VERCEL_URL,-The%20domain%20name) is detected: `https://${process.env.VERCEL_URL}` otherwise it falls back to `http://localhost:${process.env.PORT || 3000}`.
- When overriding the default, we recommend using environment variables to compute the URL. This allows configuring a URL for local development, staging, and production environments.

#### URL Composition

URL composition favors developer intent over default directory traversal semantics.

- Trailing slashes between `metadataBase` and `metadata` fields are normalized.
- An "absolute" path in a `metadata` field (that typically would replace the whole URL path) is treated as a "relative" path (starting from the end of `metadataBase`).

For example, given the following `metadataBase`:

```tsx filename="app/layout.tsx" switcher
import { Metadata } from 'next'

export const metadata: Metadata = {
  metadataBase: new URL('https://acme.com'),
}
```

```jsx filename="app/layout.js" switcher
export const metadata = {
  metadataBase: new URL('https://acme.com'),
}
```

Any `metadata` fields that inherit the above `metadataBase` and set their own value will be resolved as follows:

| `metadata` field                 | Resolved URL                     |
| -------------------------------- | -------------------------------- |
| `/`                              | `https://acme.com`               |
| `./`                             | `https://acme.com`               |
| `payments`                       | `https://acme.com/payments`      |
| `/payments`                      | `https://acme.com/payments`      |
| `./payments`                     | `https://acme.com/payments`      |
| `../payments`                    | `https://acme.com/payments`      |
| `https://beta.acme.com/payments` | `https://beta.acme.com/payments` |

### `openGraph`

```jsx filename="layout.js / page.js"
export const metadata = {
  openGraph: {
    title: 'Next.js',
    description: 'The React Framework for the Web',
    url: 'https://nextjs.org',
    siteName: 'Next.js',
    images: [
      {
        url: 'https://nextjs.org/og.png',
        width: 800,
        height: 600,
      },
      {
        url: 'https://nextjs.org/og-alt.png',
        width: 1800,
        height: 1600,
        alt: 'My custom alt',
      },
    ],
    locale: 'en_US',
    type: 'website',
  },
}
```

```html filename="<head> output" hideLineNumbers
<meta property="og:title" content="Next.js" />
<meta property="og:description" content="The React Framework for the Web" />
<meta property="og:url" content="https://nextjs.org/" />
<meta property="og:site_name" content="Next.js" />
<meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" />
<meta property="og:image:url" content="https://nextjs.org/og.png" />
<meta property="og:image:width" content="800" />
<meta property="og:image:height" content="600" />
<meta property="og:image:url" content="https://nextjs.org/og-alt.png" />
<meta property="og:image:width" content="1800" />
<meta property="og:image:height" content="1600" />
<meta property="og:image:alt" content="My custom alt" />
<meta property="og:type" content="website" />
```

```jsx filename="layout.js / page.js"
export const metadata = {
  openGraph: {
    title: 'Next.js',
    description: 'The React Framework for the Web',
    type: 'article',
    publishedTime: '2023-01-01T00:00:00.000Z',
    authors: ['Seb', 'Josh'],
  },
}
```

```html filename="<head> output" hideLineNumbers
<meta property="og:title" content="Next.js" />
<meta property="og:description" content="The React Framework for the Web" />
<meta property="og:type" content="article" />
<meta property="article:published_time" content="2023-01-01T00:00:00.000Z" />
<meta property="article:author" content="Seb" />
<meta property="article:author" content="Josh" />
```

> **Good to know**:
>
> - It may be more convenient to use the [file-based Metadata API](/docs/app/api-reference/file-conventions/metadata/opengraph-image#image-files-jpg-png-gif) for Open Graph images. Rather than having to sync the config export with actual files, the file-based API will automatically generate the correct metadata for you.

### `robots`

```tsx
import type { Metadata } from 'next'

export const metadata: Metadata = {
  robots: {
    index: false,
    follow: true,
    nocache: true,
    googleBot: {
      index: true,
      follow: false,
      noimageindex: true,
      'max-video-preview': -1,
      'max-image-preview': 'large',
      'max-snippet': -1,
    },
  },
}
```

```html filename="<head> output" hideLineNumbers
<meta name="robots" content="noindex, follow, nocache" />
<meta
  name="googlebot"
  content="index, nofollow, noimageindex, max-video-preview:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1"
/>
```

### `icons`

> **Good to know**: We recommend using the [file-based Metadata API](/docs/app/api-reference/file-conventions/metadata/app-icons#image-files-ico-jpg-png) for icons where possible. Rather than having to sync the config export with actual files, the file-based API will automatically generate the correct metadata for you.

```jsx filename="layout.js / page.js"
export const metadata = {
  icons: {
    icon: '/icon.png',
    shortcut: '/shortcut-icon.png',
    apple: '/apple-icon.png',
    other: {
      rel: 'apple-touch-icon-precomposed',
      url: '/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png',
    },
  },
}
```

```html filename="<head> output" hideLineNumbers
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/shortcut-icon.png" />
<link rel="icon" href="/icon.png" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/apple-icon.png" />
<link
  rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed"
  href="/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png"
/>
```

```jsx filename="layout.js / page.js"
export const metadata = {
  icons: {
    icon: [{ url: '/icon.png' }, new URL('/icon.png', 'https://example.com')],
    shortcut: ['/shortcut-icon.png'],
    apple: [
      { url: '/apple-icon.png' },
      { url: '/apple-icon-x3.png', sizes: '180x180', type: 'image/png' },
    ],
    other: [
      {
        rel: 'apple-touch-icon-precomposed',
        url: '/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png',
      },
    ],
  },
}
```

```html filename="<head> output" hideLineNumbers
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/shortcut-icon.png" />
<link rel="icon" href="/icon.png" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/apple-icon.png" />
<link
  rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed"
  href="/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png"
/>
<link rel="icon" href="https://example.com/icon.png" />
<link
  rel="apple-touch-icon"
  href="/apple-icon-x3.png"
  sizes="180x180"
  type="image/png"
/>
```

> **Good to know**: The `msapplication-*` meta tags are no longer supported in Chromium builds of Microsoft Edge, and thus no longer needed.

### `themeColor`

Learn more about [theme-color](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/meta/name/theme-color).

**Simple theme color**

```jsx filename="layout.js / page.js"
export const metadata = {
  themeColor: 'black',
}
```

```html filename="<head> output" hideLineNumbers
<meta name="theme-color" content="black" />
```

**With media attribute**

```jsx filename="layout.js / page.js"
export const metadata = {
  themeColor: [
    { media: '(prefers-color-scheme: light)', color: 'cyan' },
    { media: '(prefers-color-scheme: dark)', color: 'black' },
  ],
}
```

```html filename="<head> output" hideLineNumbers
<meta name="theme-color" media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" content="cyan" />
<meta name="theme-color" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" content="black" />
```

### `manifest`

A web application manifest, as defined in the [Web Application Manifest specification](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Manifest).

```jsx filename="layout.js / page.js"
export const metadata = {
  manifest: 'https://nextjs.org/manifest.json',
}
```

```html filename="<head> output" hideLineNumbers
<link rel="manifest" href="https://nextjs.org/manifest.json" />
```

### `twitter`

Learn more about the [Twitter Card markup reference](https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-for-websites/cards/overview/markup).

```jsx filename="layout.js / page.js"
export const metadata = {
  twitter: {
    card: 'summary_large_image',
    title: 'Next.js',
    description: 'The React Framework for the Web',
    siteId: '1467726470533754880',
    creator: '@nextjs',
    creatorId: '1467726470533754880',
    images: ['https://nextjs.org/og.png'],
  },
}
```

```html filename="<head> output" hideLineNumbers
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
<meta name="twitter:site:id" content="1467726470533754880" />
<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@nextjs" />
<meta name="twitter:creator:id" content="1467726470533754880" />
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Next.js" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="The React Framework for the Web" />
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://nextjs.org/og.png" />
```

```jsx filename="layout.js / page.js"
export const metadata = {
  twitter: {
    card: 'app',
    title: 'Next.js',
    description: 'The React Framework for the Web',
    siteId: '1467726470533754880',
    creator: '@nextjs',
    creatorId: '1467726470533754880',
    images: {
      url: 'https://nextjs.org/og.png',
      alt: 'Next.js Logo',
    },
    app: {
      name: 'twitter_app',
      id: {
        iphone: 'twitter_app://iphone',
        ipad: 'twitter_app://ipad',
        googleplay: 'twitter_app://googleplay',
      },
      url: {
        iphone: 'https://iphone_url',
        ipad: 'https://ipad_url',
      },
    },
  },
}
```

```html filename="<head> output" hideLineNumbers
<meta name="twitter:site:id" content="1467726470533754880" />
<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@nextjs" />
<meta name="twitter:creator:id" content="1467726470533754880" />
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Next.js" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="The React Framework for the Web" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="app" />
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://nextjs.org/og.png" />
<meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="Next.js Logo" />
<meta name="twitter:app:name:iphone" content="twitter_app" />
<meta name="twitter:app:id:iphone" content="twitter_app://iphone" />
<meta name="twitter:app:id:ipad" content="twitter_app://ipad" />
<meta name="twitter:app:id:googleplay" content="twitter_app://googleplay" />
<meta name="twitter:app:url:iphone" content="https://iphone_url" />
<meta name="twitter:app:url:ipad" content="https://ipad_url" />
<meta name="twitter:app:name:ipad" content="twitter_app" />
<meta name="twitter:app:name:googleplay" content="twitter_app" />
```

### `viewport`

> **Good to know**: The `viewport` meta tag is automatically set with the following default values. Usually, manual configuration is unnecessary as the default is sufficient. However, the information is provided for completeness.

```jsx filename="layout.js / page.js"
export const metadata = {
  viewport: {
    width: 'device-width',
    initialScale: 1,
    maximumScale: 1,
  },
}
```

```html filename="<head> output" hideLineNumbers
<meta
  name="viewport"
  content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1"
/>
```

### `verification`

```jsx filename="layout.js / page.js"
export const metadata = {
  verification: {
    google: 'google',
    yandex: 'yandex',
    yahoo: 'yahoo',
    other: {
      me: ['my-email', 'my-link'],
    },
  },
}
```

```html filename="<head> output" hideLineNumbers
<meta name="google-site-verification" content="google" />
<meta name="y_key" content="yahoo" />
<meta name="yandex-verification" content="yandex" />
<meta name="me" content="my-email" />
<meta name="me" content="my-link" />
```

### `appleWebApp`

```jsx filename="layout.js / page.js"
export const metadata = {
  itunes: {
    appId: 'myAppStoreID',
    appArgument: 'myAppArgument',
  },
  appleWebApp: {
    title: 'Apple Web App',
    statusBarStyle: 'black-translucent',
    startupImage: [
      '/assets/startup/apple-touch-startup-image-768x1004.png',
      {
        url: '/assets/startup/apple-touch-startup-image-1536x2008.png',
        media: '(device-width: 768px) and (device-height: 1024px)',
      },
    ],
  },
}
```

```html filename="<head> output" hideLineNumbers
<meta
  name="apple-itunes-app"
  content="app-id=myAppStoreID, app-argument=myAppArgument"
/>
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" />
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Apple Web App" />
<link
  href="/assets/startup/apple-touch-startup-image-768x1004.png"
  rel="apple-touch-startup-image"
/>
<link
  href="/assets/startup/apple-touch-startup-image-1536x2008.png"
  media="(device-width: 768px) and (device-height: 1024px)"
  rel="apple-touch-startup-image"
/>
<meta
  name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style"
  content="black-translucent"
/>
```

### `alternates`

```jsx filename="layout.js / page.js"
export const metadata = {
  alternates: {
    canonical: 'https://nextjs.org',
    languages: {
      'en-US': 'https://nextjs.org/en-US',
      'de-DE': 'https://nextjs.org/de-DE',
    },
    media: {
      'only screen and (max-width: 600px)': 'https://nextjs.org/mobile',
    },
    types: {
      'application/rss+xml': 'https://nextjs.org/rss',
    },
  },
}
```

```html filename="<head> output" hideLineNumbers
<link rel="canonical" href="https://nextjs.org" />
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-US" href="https://nextjs.org/en-US" />
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="de-DE" href="https://nextjs.org/de-DE" />
<link
  rel="alternate"
  media="only screen and (max-width: 600px)"
  href="https://nextjs.org/mobile"
/>
<link
  rel="alternate"
  type="application/rss+xml"
  href="https://nextjs.org/rss"
/>
```

### `appLinks`

```jsx filename="layout.js / page.js"
export const metadata = {
  appLinks: {
    ios: {
      url: 'https://nextjs.org/ios',
      app_store_id: 'app_store_id',
    },
    android: {
      package: 'com.example.android/package',
      app_name: 'app_name_android',
    },
    web: {
      url: 'https://nextjs.org/web',
      should_fallback: true,
    },
  },
}
```

```html filename="<head> output" hideLineNumbers
<meta property="al:ios:url" content="https://nextjs.org/ios" />
<meta property="al:ios:app_store_id" content="app_store_id" />
<meta property="al:android:package" content="com.example.android/package" />
<meta property="al:android:app_name" content="app_name_android" />
<meta property="al:web:url" content="https://nextjs.org/web" />
<meta property="al:web:should_fallback" content="true" />
```

### `archives`

Describes a collection of records, documents, or other materials of historical interest ([source](https://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-html5-20110113/links.html#rel-archives)).

```jsx filename="layout.js / page.js"
export const metadata = {
  archives: ['https://nextjs.org/13'],
}
```

```html filename="<head> output" hideLineNumbers
<link rel="archives" href="https://nextjs.org/13" />
```

### `assets`

```jsx filename="layout.js / page.js"
export const metadata = {
  assets: ['https://nextjs.org/assets'],
}
```

```html filename="<head> output" hideLineNumbers
<link rel="assets" href="https://nextjs.org/assets" />
```

### `bookmarks`

```jsx filename="layout.js / page.js"
export const metadata = {
  bookmarks: ['https://nextjs.org/13'],
}
```

```html filename="<head> output" hideLineNumbers
<link rel="bookmarks" href="https://nextjs.org/13" />
```

### `category`

```jsx filename="layout.js / page.js"
export const metadata = {
  category: 'technology',
}
```

```html filename="<head> output" hideLineNumbers
<meta name="category" content="technology" />
```

### `other`

All metadata options should be covered using the built-in support. However, there may be custom metadata tags specific to your site, or brand new metadata tags just released. You can use the `other` option to render any custom metadata tag.

```jsx filename="layout.js / page.js"
export const metadata = {
  other: {
    custom: 'meta',
  },
}
```

```html filename="<head> output" hideLineNumbers
<meta name="custom" content="meta" />
```

## Unsupported Metadata

The following metadata types do not currently have built-in support. However, they can still be rendered in the layout or page itself.

| Metadata                      | Recommendation                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
| ----------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `<meta http-equiv="...">`     | Use appropriate HTTP Headers via [`redirect()`](/docs/app/api-reference/functions/redirect), [Middleware](/docs/app/building-your-application/routing/middleware#nextresponse), [Security Headers](/docs/app/api-reference/next-config-js/headers) |
| `<base>`                      | Render the tag in the layout or page itself.                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
| `<noscript>`                  | Render the tag in the layout or page itself.                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
| `<style>`                     | Learn more about [styling in Next.js](/docs/app/building-your-application/styling/css-modules).                                                                                                                                                    |
| `<script>`                    | Learn more about [using scripts](/docs/app/building-your-application/optimizing/scripts).                                                                                                                                                          |
| `<link rel="stylesheet" />`   | `import` stylesheets directly in the layout or page itself.                                                                                                                                                                                        |
| `<link rel="preload />`       | Use [ReactDOM preload method](#link-relpreload)                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
| `<link rel="preconnect" />`   | Use [ReactDOM preconnect method](#link-relpreconnect)                                                                                                                                                                                              |
| `<link rel="dns-prefetch" />` | Use [ReactDOM prefetchDNS method](#link-reldns-prefetch)                                                                                                                                                                                           |

### Resource hints

The `<link>` element has a number of `rel` keywords that can be used to hint to the browser that a external resource is likely to be needed. The browser uses this information to apply preloading optimizations depending on the keyword.

While the Metadata API doesn't directly support these hints, you can use new [`ReactDOM` methods](https://github.com/facebook/react/pull/26237) to safely insert them into the `<head>` of the document.

```tsx filename="app/preload-resources.tsx" switcher
'use client'

import ReactDOM from 'react-dom'

export function PreloadResources() {
  ReactDOM.preload('...', { as: '...' })
  ReactDOM.preconnect('...', { crossOrigin: '...' })
  ReactDOM.prefetchDNS('...')

  return null
}
```

```jsx filename="app/preload-resources.js" switcher
'use client'

import ReactDOM from 'react-dom'

export function PreloadResources() {
  ReactDOM.preload('...', { as: '...' })
  ReactDOM.preconnect('...', { crossOrigin: '...' })
  ReactDOM.prefetchDNS('...')

  return null
}
```

##### `<link rel="preload">`

Start loading a resource early in the page rendering (browser) lifecycle. [MDN Docs](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/rel/preload).

```tsx
ReactDOM.preload(href: string, options: { as: string })
```

```html filename="<head> output" hideLineNumbers
<link rel="preload" href="..." as="..." />
```

##### `<link rel="preconnect">`

Preemptively initiate a connection to an origin. [MDN Docs](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/rel/preconnect).

```tsx
ReactDOM.preconnect(href: string, options?: { crossOrigin?: string })
```

```html filename="<head> output" hideLineNumbers
<link rel="preconnect" href="..." crossorigin />
```

##### `<link rel="dns-prefetch">`

Attempt to resolve a domain name before resources get requested. [MDN Docs](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/rel/dns-prefetch).

```tsx
ReactDOM.prefetchDNS(href: string)
```

```html filename="<head> output" hideLineNumbers
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="..." />
```

> **Good to know**:
>
> - These methods are currently only supported in Client Components, which are still Server Side Rendered on initial page load.
> - Next.js in-built features such as `next/font`, `next/image` and `next/script` automatically handle relevant resource hints.
> - React 18.3 does not yet include type definitions for `ReactDOM.preload`, `ReactDOM.preconnect`, and `ReactDOM.preconnectDNS`. You can use `// @ts-ignore` as a temporary solution to avoid type errors.

## Types

You can add type safety to your metadata by using the `Metadata` type. If you are using the [built-in TypeScript plugin](/docs/app/building-your-application/configuring/typescript) in your IDE, you do not need to manually add the type, but you can still explicitly add it if you want.

### `metadata` object

```tsx
import type { Metadata } from 'next'

export const metadata: Metadata = {
  title: 'Next.js',
}
```

### `generateMetadata` function

#### Regular function

```tsx
import type { Metadata } from 'next'

export function generateMetadata(): Metadata {
  return {
    title: 'Next.js',
  }
}
```

#### Async function

```tsx
import type { Metadata } from 'next'

export async function generateMetadata(): Promise<Metadata> {
  return {
    title: 'Next.js',
  }
}
```

#### With segment props

```tsx
import type { Metadata } from 'next'

type Props = {
  params: { id: string }
  searchParams: { [key: string]: string | string[] | undefined }
}

export function generateMetadata({ params, searchParams }: Props): Metadata {
  return {
    title: 'Next.js',
  }
}

export default function Page({ params, searchParams }: Props) {}
```

#### With parent metadata

```tsx
import type { Metadata, ResolvingMetadata } from 'next'

export async function generateMetadata(
  { params, searchParams }: Props,
  parent: ResolvingMetadata
): Promise<Metadata> {
  return {
    title: 'Next.js',
  }
}
```

#### JavaScript Projects

For JavaScript projects, you can use JSDoc to add type safety.

```js
/** @type {import("next").Metadata} */
export const metadata = {
  title: 'Next.js',
}
```

## Version History

| Version   | Changes                                       |
| --------- | --------------------------------------------- |
| `v13.2.0` | `metadata` and `generateMetadata` introduced. |
