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Advances in the Pharmacological Management of Parkinson’s Disease

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Abstract

Background

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex, progressive neurodegenerative disorder with patients experiencing an increased number and severity of motor and non-motor symptoms over the course of their disease. Despite the exponentially increasing prevalence of PD worldwide, therapies for people with PD remain symptomatic in nature.

Purpose of Review

This review provides an update on the advances in the pharmacological management of both motor and non-motor symptoms in people with PD.

Recent Findings

It highlights several newly approved pharmacological options for ON/OFF motor fluctuations and levodopa-induced dyskinesia. This review details the novel device-aided therapies of intravenous levodopa/ carbidopa along with the unique delivery systems approved for PD rescue therapy. This review concludes with an update on the recent progress made in the treatment of a number of non-motor symptoms.

Conclusion

Although disease-modifying and neurorestorative therapies remain the Holy Grail in PD, the current advances in symptomatic pharmacological therapies are welcomed in the armamentarium of PD care.

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Data Availability

No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

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Acknowledgements

GFC received funding support from the American Academy of Neurology Clinical Research Training Scholarship. The authors wish to thank Dr. Stephen Aradi for reviewing their manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland

    Darragh Power & Grace F. Crotty

  2. Department of Neurology, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland

    Darragh Power & Grace F. Crotty

  3. School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

    Grace F. Crotty

Authors
  1. Darragh Power
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  2. Grace F. Crotty
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DP and GC made substantial contributions to the conception of the review; interpretation of available literature; drafted and critically revised the review; and approved the version to be published.

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Correspondence to Grace F. Crotty.

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Power, D., Crotty, G.F. Advances in the Pharmacological Management of Parkinson’s Disease. Curr Treat Options Neurol 27, 22 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11940-025-00833-x

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