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Toward Practical Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation via Point-Level Supervision

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Abstract

Weakly supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS) aims to reduce the cost of collecting dense pixel-level annotations for segmentation models by adopting weak labels to train. Although WSSS methods have achieved great success, recent approaches mainly concern the image-level label-based WSSS, which is limited to object-centric datasets instead of more challenging practical datasets that contain many co-occurrent classes. In comparison, point-level labels could provide some spatial information to address the class co-occurrent confusion problem. Meanwhile, it only requires an additional click when recognizing the targets, which is of negligible annotation overhead. Thus, we choose to study utilizing point labels for the general-purpose WSSS. The main difficulty of utilizing point-level labels is bridging the gap between the sparse point-level labels and the dense pixel-level predictions. To alleviate this problem, we propose a superpixel augmented pseudo-mask generation strategy and a class-aware contrastive learning approach, which manages to recover reliable dense constraints and apply them both to the segmentation models’ final prediction and the intermediate features. Diagnostic experiments on the challenging Pascal VOC, Cityscapes, and the ADE20k datasets demonstrate that our approach can efficiently and effectively compensate for the sparse point-level labels and achieve cutting-edge performance on the point-based segmentation problems.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the Pascal VOChttp://host.robots.ox.ac.uk/pascal/VOC/, the Cityscapeshttps://www.cityscapes-dataset.com/, and the ADE20khttp://sceneparsing.csail.mit.edu/data/LID2019/.

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Funding

This work was supported in part by the Major Project for New Generation of AI (No. 2018AAA0100400), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61836014, U21B2042, 62072457, 62006231), and the InnoHK program.

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  1. Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (HKISI_CAS), Hong Kong, 999077, China

    Junsong Fan & Zhaoxiang Zhang

  2. Center for Research on Intelligent Perception and Computing (CRIPAC), National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition (NLPR), Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASIA), Beijing, 100190, China

    Junsong Fan & Zhaoxiang Zhang

  3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100190, China

    Zhaoxiang Zhang

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Fan, J., Zhang, Z. Toward Practical Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation via Point-Level Supervision. Int J Comput Vis 131, 3252–3271 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-023-01862-2

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