Abstract
Climate change poses an enormous threat to human health. It increases exposure to risk factors related to cancer while simultaneously threatening effective cancer care in the face of overstrained resources and natural hazards. Low and middle income countries (LMICs) are disproportionately affected by the effects of climate change which further limits their ability to respond effectively to this growing threat. Measures to build resilience and mitigate the impact warrant multi-sectoral local and global collaborations. Mitigation strategies positively impact cancer control by reducing exposure to risk factors. The current pace of climate change and the rising rates of cancer incidence in LMICs calls for urgent, effective, evidence-based global efforts toward protecting the health and wellbeing of our planet. This paper discusses strategies to build climate resilience in healthcare and measures to mitigate the emissions of oncology care in LMICs.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles and news from researchers in related subjects, suggested using machine learning.Data availability
No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.
References
Climate Change. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/climate-change-and-health.
THE COST OF INACTION Quantifying the Impact of Climate Change on Health in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/bc51aeec-288e-4cbc-b4ca-b5a942057044/content
Romanello M, di Napoli C, Green C, Kennard H, Lampard P, Scamman D, Walawender M, Ali Z, Ameli N, Ayeb-Karlsson S et al (2023) The 2023 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: The imperative for a health-centred response in a world facing irreversible harms. Lancet 402:2346–2394. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01859-7
Signe L, Mbaye A (2022) Renewing Global Climate Change Action for Fragile and Developing Countries. Brookings Institution, Washington
Bianco G, Espinoza-Chávez RM, Ashigbie PG, HiyasJunio CB, Miles-Richardson S, Spector J (2024) Projected impact of climate change on human health in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. BMJ Glob Health 8:e015550. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2024-015550
Naser K, Haq Z, Naughton BD (2024) The impact of climate change on health services in low- and middle-income countries: A systematised review and thematic analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 21(4):434. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21040434
Global Burden of Disease 2019 Cancer Collaboration. Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. JAMA Oncol. 2022;8(3):420–444. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.698
Schiller JH (2024) Climate change: why oncologists need to get involved. BJC Rep 2(1):20. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44276-023-00023-9
De Guzman RB, Malik M, Singh N, Loong HH, Mohan A (2024) Lung cancer in Asia: the impact of climate change. eClinicalMedicine 74:102680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2024
De Guzman R, Malik M (2019) Global cancer burden and natural disasters: A focus on Asia’s vulnerability, resilience building, and impact on cancer care. J Glob Oncol 5:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1200/JGO.19.00037
Joob B, Wiwanitkit V (2012) Lesson for management of cancerous patient in the big flooding. J Cancer Res Ther 8(1):165–166. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1482.95209
Burki TK (2022) Extreme weather, natural disasters, and cancer care. Lancet Oncol 23:990
Ezeruigbo CF, Ezeoha A (2023) Climate change and the burden of healthcare financing in African households. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med. 15(1):e1–e3. https://doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v15i1.3743
De Guzman R, Malik M (2020) Dual challenge of cancer and COVID-19: Impact on health care and socioeconomic systems in Asia Pacific. JCO Glob Oncol 6:906–912. https://doi.org/10.1200/GO.20.00227
Man RX, Lack DA, Wyatt CE, Murray V (2018) The effect of natural disasters on cancer care: a systematic review. Lancet Oncol 19(9):e482–e499. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30412-1
Romanello M, Walawender M, Hsu SC et al (2024) The 2024 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: facing record-breaking threats from delayed action. Lancet 404(10465):1847–1896. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01822-1
Cronk R, Bartram J (2018) Environmental conditions in health care facilities in low- and middle-income countries: coverage and inequalities. Int J Hyg Environ Health 221(3):409–422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.01.004
Campbell Campbell-Lendrum D, Neville T, Schweizer C, Neira M (2023) Climate change and health: three grand challenges. Nat Med 29(7):1631–1638. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-023-02438-w
World Health Organization. Operational framework for building climate resilient and low carbon health systems. World Health Organization; 2023. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/373837/9789240081888-eng.pdf?sequence=1
World Health Organization.WHO Guidance for Climate Resilient and Environmentally Sustainable Health Care. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240012226
World Health Organization (2007) Everybody’s business–strengthening Health Systems to improve Health Outcomes: WHO’s Framework for Action. WHO, Geneva
UNISDR. Hospitals safe from disasters, reduce risk, protect health facilities. save lives.2008–2009 World Disaster Reduction Campaign [Enligne]. 2008 [cite le 22 f´evr2021]. https://www.unisdr.org/2009/campaign/pdf/wdrc-2008-2009-information-kit.pdf.
Jojo LW, Nkutu NT (2023) Experiences of patients on cancer treatment regarding decentralization of oncology services at a tertiary hospital in the Eastern Cape. BMC Cancer 23:453. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-023-10876-5
Swenson WT, Lindow M, Reycraft J et al (2024) The case for decentralizing cancer care: the rural oncology home. NEJM CatalInnov Care Deliv. https://doi.org/10.1056/CAT.23.0344
Fattore G, Bobini M, Meda F et al (2024) Reducing the burden of travel and environmental impact through decentralization of cancer care. Health Serv Manag Res. https://doi.org/10.1177/09514848241229564
Heyworth L, Kirsh S, Zulman D, Ferguson JM, Kizer KW (2020) Expanding access through virtual care: the VA’s early experience with Covid-19. NEJMCatal. https://doi.org/10.1056/CAT.20.0327
Patel KB, Gonzalez BD, Turner K et al (2022) Estimated carbon emissions savings with shifts from in-person visits to telemedicine for patients with cancer. JAMA Netw Open 6(1):e2253788. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.53788
Hantel A, Cernik C, Walsh TP, Uno H, Larios D, Slutzman JE, Abel GA (2024) Assessing the environmental and downstream human health impacts of decentralizing cancer care. JAMA Oncol 10(9):1245–1252. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.2744
Dokal K, Morris M, Spooner R, Perkins P (2022) The carbon footprint of a hospice. BMJ Support Palliat Care. https://doi.org/10.1136/spcare-2022-003972
Kessler RC (2007) Hurricane Katrina’s impact on the care of survivors with chronic medical conditions. J Gen Intern Med 22:1225–1230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-007-0294-1
Scovronick N, Budolfson M, Dennig F et al (2019) The impact of human health co-benefits on evaluations of global climate policy. Nat Commun 10:2095. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09499-x
Mazumder H, Hossain MM (2024) Climate change education for health-care professionals: crucial gaps in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet Planet Health 8(4):e216. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00010-X
Rabin BM, Laney EB, Philipsborn RP (2020) The unique role of medical students in catalyzing climate change education. J Med EducCurric Dev 14(7):2382120520957653. https://doi.org/10.1177/2382120520957653
Hackett F, Got T, Kitching GT, MacQueen K, Cohen A (2020) Training Canadian doctors for the health challenges of climate change. Lancet Planet Health 4(1):e2–e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(19)30242-6
Bell EJ (2010) Climate change: what competencies and which medical education and training approaches? BMC Med Educ 30(10):31. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-10-31.PMID:20429949;PMCID:PMC2874564
https://www.publichealth.columbia.edu/file/15206/download?token=zG1n_-zP
Kotcher J, Maibach E, Miller J, Campbell E, Alqodmani L, Maiero M, Wyns A (2021) Views of health professionals on climate change and health: a multinational survey study. Lancet Planet Health 5(5):e316–e323. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00053-X
World Meteorological Organization. Bulletin. Early Warnings for All; 2023; 72 (1).https://library.wmo.int/viewer/64131/download?file=WMO_Bulletin_72_1_en.pdf&type=pdf&navigator=1
Early Warning Alert and Response in Emergencies (2022) an operational guide. World Health Organization, Geneva
Rowland SP, Fitzgerald JE, Holme T, Powell J, McGregor A (2020) What is the clinical value of mHealth for patients? NPJ Digit Med 13(3):4. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-019-0206-x
Zhou TT, Wang R, Gu SJ, Xie LL, Zhao QH, Xiao MZ, Chen YL (2022) Effectiveness of mobile medical apps in ensuring medication safety among patients with chronic diseases: Systematic review and meta-analysis. JMIR MhealthUhealth 10(11):e39819. https://doi.org/10.2196/39819
Anawade PA, Sharma D, Gahane S (2024) A comprehensive review on exploring the impact of telemedicine on healthcare accessibility. Cureus 16(3):e55996. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.55996
Vos JFJ, Boonstra A, Kooistra A et al (2020) The influence of electronic health record use on collaboration among medical specialties. BMC Health Serv Res 20:676. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05542-6
Singh AP, Balogh EP, Carlson RW, Huizinga MM, Malin BA, Melamed A, Meropol NJ, Pisano ED, Winn RA, Yabroff KR, Shulman LN (2024) Re-envisioning electronic health records to optimize patient-centered cancer care, quality, surveillance, and research. JCO OncolPract. https://doi.org/10.1200/OP.24.00260
Ameh B (2024) Sustainable supply chains as strategic instruments for environmental protection. Public Health, and Economic Resilience 5(12):1192–1208. https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.5.1224.3428
Burstein HJ, Curigliano G, Thürlimann B, Weber WP, Poortmans P, Regan MM, Senn HJ, Winer EP, Gnant M (2021) Panelists of the St Gallen Consensus Conference. Customizing local and systemic therapies for women with early breast cancer: The St. Gallen International Consensus Guidelines for treatment of early breast cancer 2021. Ann Oncol. 32(10):1216–1235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annonc.2021.06.023
Weiser R, Polychronopoulou E, Kuo YF, Haque W, Hatch SS, Tyler DS, Gradishar WJ, Klimberg VS (2021) De-escalation of endocrine therapy in early hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: When is local treatment enough? Ann Surg 274(4):654–663. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000005064
Kunst N, Wang SY, Hood A, Mougalian SS, DiGiovanna MP, Adelson K, Pusztai L (2020) Cost-effectiveness of neoadjuvant-adjuvant treatment strategies for women with ERBB2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer. JAMA Netw Open 3(11):e2027074. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.27074
Chevalier H, Vienot A, Lièvre A, Edeline J, El Hajbi F, Peugniez C, Vernerey D, Meurisse A, Hammel P, Neuzillet C, Borg C, Turpin A (2020) FOLFIRINOX De-escalation in advanced pancreatic cancer: A multicenter real-life study. Oncologist 25(11):e1701–e1710. https://doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.2020-0577
Earl HM, Hiller L, Vallier AL, Loi S, McAdam K, Hughes-Davies L, Harnett AN, Ah-See ML, Simcock R, Rea D, Raj S, Woodings P, Harries M, Howe D, Raynes K, Higgins HB, Wilcox M, Plummer C, Mansi J, Gounaris I, Mahler-Araujo B, Provenzano E, Chhabra A, Abraham JE, Caldas C, Hall PS, McCabe C, Hulme C, Miles D, Wardley AM, Cameron DA, Dunn JA (2019) PERSEPHONE Steering committee and trial investigators. 6 versus 12 months of adjuvant trastuzumab for HER2-positive early breast cancer (PERSEPHONE): 4-year disease-free survival results of a randomised phase 3 non-inferiority trial. Lancet 393(10191):2599–2612. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30650-6
Mosadeghrad AM, Isfahani P, Eslambolchi L, Zahmatkesh M, Afshari M (2023) Strategies to strengthen a climate-resilient health system: a scoping review. Global Health 19(1):62. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-023-00965-2
Rasheed FN, Baddley J, Prabhakaran P, De Barros EF, Reddy KS, Vianna NA, Marten R (2021) Decarbonising healthcare in low and middle income countries: potential pathways to net zero emissions. BMJ 9(375):n1284. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1284
World Health Organization (2021) Expert meeting on measuring greenhouse gas emissions and other environmental sustainability concerns in health care facilities. WHO, Meeting report
ISO. ISO 14044:2006: Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines. Available at: https://www.iso.org/cms/render/live/en/sites/isoorg/contents/data/standard/03/84/38498.html
Reducing Healthcare Carbon Emissions: A Primer on Measures and Actions for Healthcare Organizations to Mitigate Climate Change AHRQ Publication No. 22-M011 September 2022. https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/healthsystemsresearch/decarbonization/decarbonization.pdf
Federal Agency Progress Data and OMB Scorecards. Department of Veterans Affairs. 2021. Accessed September 1, 2022. https://www.sustainability.gov/va.html#btu
McGain F, Muret J, Lawson C, Sherman JD (2020) Environmental sustainability in anaesthesia and critical care. Br J Anaesth. 125(5):680–692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2020.06.055
Agbafe V, Berlin NL, Butler CE, Hawk E, Offodile Ii AC (2022) Prescriptions for mitigating climate change-related externalities in cancer care: A surgeon’s perspective. J ClinOncol 40(18):1976–1979. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.21.02581
Anthony CA, Peterson RA, Polgreen LA, Sewell DK, Polgreen PM (2017) The Seasonal Variability in Surgical Site Infections and the Association With Warmer Weather: A Population-Based Investigation. Infect Control HospEpidemiol. 38(7):809–816. https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2017.84
https://healthcareclimateaction.org/CLI_HospitalAlbertEinstein
Yates EF, Bowder AN, Roa L, Velin L, Goodman AS, Nguyen LL, McClain CD, Meara JG, Cooper Z (2021) Empowering surgeons, anesthesiologists, and obstetricians to incorporate environmental sustainability in the operating room. Ann Surg 273(6):1108–1114. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000004755
Offodile AC 2nd, Sen AP, Holtsmith S, Escalante J, Park A, Terrell J, Bassett R, Perrier ND (2020) Harnessing behavioral economics principles to promote better surgeon accountability for operating room Cost: A prospective study. J Am Coll Surg 230(4):585–593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2019.12.013
Wasif N, Etzioni DA (2018) Regionalization of Complex Cancer Surgery: How, When, and Why? JAMA Netw Open 1(7):e184586. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.4586
Antunez AG, Telem DA, Dossett LA (2019) Assessment of surgical specialty societies’ choosing wisely recommendations. JAMA Surg 154(10):971–973. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2019.2309
Eckelman MJ, Huang K, Lagasse R, Senay E, Dubrow R, Sherman JD (2020) Health care pollution and public health damage in the United States: An update. Health Aff (Millwood) 39(12):2071–2079. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2020.01247
Bryant AK, Lewy JR, Bressler RD, Chopra Z, Gyori DJ, Bazzell BG, Moeller JA, Jacobson SI, Fendrick AM, Kerr EA, Ramnath N, Green MD, Hofer TP, Vaishnav P, Strohbehn GW (2024) Projected environmental and public health benefits of extended-interval dosing: an analysis of pembrolizumab use in a US national health system. Lancet Oncol 25(6):802–810. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(24)00200-6
Nogueira LM, Sahar L, Efstathiou JA, Jemal A, Yabroff KR (2019) Association between declared hurricane disasters and survival of patients with lung cancer undergoing radiation treatment. JAMA 322:269–271
Chuter R, Stanford-Edwards C, Cummings J, Taylor C, Lowe G, Holden E, Razak R, Glassborow E, Herbert S, Reggian G, Mee T, Lichter K, Aznar M (2023) Towards estimating the carbon footprint of external beam radiotherapy. Phys Med 112:102652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2023.102652
Bedir A, Grohmann M, Schäfer S, Mäurer M, Weimann S, Roers J, Hering D, Oertel M, Medenwald D, Straube C (2024) Sustainability in radiation oncology: opportunities for enhancing patient care and reducing CO2emissions in breast cancer radiotherapy at selected German centers. StrahlentherOnkol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00066-024-02303-w
Lichter KE, Baniel CC, Do I, Medhat Y, Avula V, Nogueira LM, Bates JE, Paulsson A, Malik N, Hiatt RA, Yom SS, Mohamad O (2023) Effects of wildfire events on california radiation oncology clinics and patients. AdvRadiatOncol 9(3):101395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adro.2023.101395
Baniel CC, Sabol RA, Nieto R, Scholey J, Witztum A, Chuter R, Pollom E, Gandhi S, Wang K, Mishra KK, Lichter KE, Park C (2024) Green horizons in oncology: A blueprint for environmentally sustainable radiation therapy facilities. SeminRadiatOncol 34(4):426–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semradonc.2024.07.004
Lichter KE, Baniel CC, Anderson J, Bhatia R, Frick MA, Thiel CL, Gandhi S, Sarria GR, Bagshaw HP, Petereit D, Chino J, Grover S, Singer L, Hsu IC, Mohamad O (2022) Environmentally sustainable brachytherapy care. Brachytherapy 21(5):712–717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brachy.2022.06.002
Heye T, Knoerl R, Wehrle T, Mangold D, Cerminara A, Loser M, Plumeyer M, Degen M, Lüthy R, Brodbeck D, Merkle E (2020) The energy consumption of radiology: Energy- and cost-saving opportunities for CT and MRI operation. Radiology 295(3):593–605. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020192084
Davies JF, McGain F, Francis JJ (2023) Consensus on prioritisation of actions for reducing the environmental impact of a large tertiary hospital: application of the nominal group technique. Int J Environ Res Public Health 20(5):3978. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20053978
Subaiya S, Hogg E, Roberts I (2011) Reducing the environmental impact of trials: a comparison of the carbon footprint of the CRASH-1 and CRASH-2 clinical trials. Trials 3(12):31. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-12-31
The Academy of Medical Sciences. Enabling Greener Biomedical Research. 2023. https://acmedsci.ac.uk/le-download/61695123
Lichter KE, Sabbagh A, Demeulenaere S, Drew T, Conway A, Nogueira L, Suneja G, Kirkwood K, Hampshire K, Gundling K, Teherani A, Thottathil SE, Mohamad O (2024) Reducing the Environmental Impact of Health Care Conferences: A Study of Emissions and Practical Solutions. JCO Glob Oncol 10:e2300209. https://doi.org/10.1200/GO.23.00209
Malik M, Valiyaveettil D, Joseph D. Optimizing e-learning in oncology during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. RadiatOncol J. 2021 Mar;39(1):1–7. https://doi.org/10.3857/roj.2020.00710. Epub 2020 Dec 14. PMID: 33794568; PMCID: PMC8024185.
Riedel LM (2011) Environmental and financial impact of a hospital recycling program. AANA J 79(4 Suppl):S8-14
Practice Greenhealth. Sustainable procurement guide. https://practicegreenhealth.org/sustainableprocurementguide.
Malik M, Valiyaveettil D, Joseph DM (2024) The growing burden of cancer in adolescent and young adults in Asia: A call to action. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 13(1):1–7. https://doi.org/10.1089/jayao.2023.0008
Baker N, Bromley-Dulfano R, Chan J, Gupta A, Herman L, Jain N, Taylor AL, Lu J, Pannu J, Patel L, Prunicki M (2020) COVID-19 solutions are climate solutions: lessons from reusable gowns. Front Public Health 25(8):590275. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.590275
Kwakye G, Brat GA, Makary MA (2011) Green surgical practices for health care. Arch Surg 146(2):131–136. https://doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.2010.343
MacNeill AJ, Hopf H, Khanuja A, Alizamir S, Bilec M, Eckelman MJ, Hernandez L, McGain F, Simonsen K, Thiel C, Young S, Lagasse R, Sherman JD (2020) Transforming the medical device industry: Road map to a circular economy. Health Aff (Millwood) 39(12):2088–2097. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2020.01118
Orru H, Ebi KL, Forsberg B (2017) The interplay of climate change and air pollution on health. Curr Environ Health Rep 4(4):504–513. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-017-0168-6
Hassan AM, Nogueira L, Lin YL, Rogers JE, Nori-Sarma A, Offodile AC 2nd (2023) Impact of heatwaves on cancer care delivery: potential mechanisms, health equity concerns, and adaptation strategies. J ClinOncol 41(17):3104–3109. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.22.01951
Kotz M, Levermann A, Wenz L (2024) The economic commitment of climate change. Nature 628:551–557. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07219-0
Islami F, Goding Sauer A, Miller KD, Siegel RL, Fedewa SA, Jacobs EJ, McCullough ML, Patel AV, Ma J, Soerjomataram I, Flanders WD, Brawley OW, Gapstur SM, Jemal A (2018) Proportion and number of cancer cases and deaths attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors in the United States. CA Cancer J Clin 68(1):31–54. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21440
Bernard P, Chevance G, Kingsbury C et al (2021) Climate change, physical activity and sport: A systematic review. Sports Med 51(5):1041–1059. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01439-4
Springmann M, Mason-D’Croz D, Robinson S, Garnett T, Godfray HC, Gollin D, Rayner M, Ballon P, Scarborough P (2016) Global and regional health effects of future food production under climate change: a modelling study. Lancet 387(10031):1937–1946. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01156-3
Hiatt RA, Beyeler N (2020) Cancer and climate change. Lancet Oncol 21(11):e519–e527. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(20)30448-4
da Cruz RS, Carney EJ, Clarke J, Cao H, Cruz MI, Benitez C, Jin L, Fu Y, Cheng Z, Wang Y, de Assis S (2018) Paternal malnutrition programs breast cancer risk and tumor metabolism in offspring. Breast Cancer Res 20(1):99. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-018-1034-7
https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/science/climate-issues/food
WHO. 2021. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World (2021) Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all. FAO, Rome
WHO. 2022. Tobacco: Poisoning our planet. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/354579/9789240051287-eng.pdf?sequence=1
Cook M, Critchlow N, O’Donnell R, MacLean S (2024) Alcohol’s contribution to climate change and other environmental degradation: a call for research. Health Promot Int. 39(1):daae004. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daae004
Cordova R, Viallon V, Fontvieille E et al (2023) Consumption of ultra-processed foods and risk of multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases: a multinational cohort study. Lancet Reg Health Eur. 35:100771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100771
Anastasiou K, Baker P, Hadjikakou M, Hendrie GA, Lawrence M (2022) A conceptual framework for understanding the environmental impacts of ultra-processed foods and implications for sustainable food systems. J Clean Prod 368:133155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133155
Ansah EW, Amoadu M, Obeng P, Sarfo JO (2024) Health systems response to climate change adaptation: a scoping review of global evidence. BMC Public Health 24(1):2015. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19459-w
Sonja Myhre, Katrine Frønsdal, Heather Ames, Eleni Papadopoulou. Building and strengthening climate resilient health systems in low- and middle income country contexts. Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 2024. https://www.fhi.no/contentassets/2dc1d4badbe549638c9b368863c9129b/building-and-strengthening-climate-resilient-health-systems-in-low-and-middle-income-country-contexts-report-2024.pdf
Alga A, Dang TAT, Saulnier DD, Nguyen GT, von Schreeb J (2018) Hope for the best, prepare for the worst-an assessment of flood preparedness at primary health care facilities in Central Vietnam. Int J Env Res Public Health [Electronic Resource] 15(12):29
Biswas R, Dasgupta A (2009) Role of health sector contingency plan in emergency preparedness and response: Orissa experiences. Indian J Public Health 53(3):199–201
Funding
No funding received.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
MM and RBDG made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; drafted the work or revised it critically for important intellectual content; approved the version to be published; and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Malik, M., De Guzman, R.B. Building climate resilience and mitigating the impact of climate change on cancer care: strategies and solutions for low and middle income countries. Cancer Causes Control (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-025-02004-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-025-02004-4