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Grading barriers in IoT adoption for sustainable supply chains: a double hierarchy fuzzy-based Cronbach-WISP model

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Abstract

This paper primarily focuses on grading barriers that hinder internet-of-things (IoTs) adoption, which eventually promotes sustainable supply chain execution. As countries globally plan to combat climate change, supply chain sustainability is substantial. Digital technology, such as IoT, supports sustainability within supply chains. Still, studies infer that the adoption could be more direct and involve barriers that must be graded for efficient implementation and planning. Previous barrier grading models (i) did not accept natural language-based ratings; (ii) subjective orientation of experts’ weights is not well explored; (iii) hybrid determination of attributes’ weights is lacking; and (iv) personalized grades for barriers are also unexplored. Motivated by these gaps, this article develops an integrated model by considering preferences in the natural language form via double hierarchy fuzzy data (DHFD). Later, the rank sum (RS) approach is presented for determining the weights of experts, and the RS-Cronbach factor is put forward for the hybrid weight calculation of attributes. An algorithm to grade barriers is proposed based on WISP formulation combined with the Copeland method. Finally, a case example from Coimbatore is presented to understand the framework’s usefulness, and sensitivity/comparison reveals the pros and cons of the framework.

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Data availability

Data is available within the manuscript.

Abbreviations

\({s}_{q}\) :

Primary linguistic term

\({w}_{t}\) :

Secondary linguistic term

\(o\) :

Number of officials

\(u\) :

Number of experts

\(r\) :

Index for instances of DHHFLE

\(x+1\) :

The cardinality of the primary linguistic term

\(y+1\) :

The cardinality of secondary linguistic term

\({EW}_{k}\) :

Weight of expert \(k\)

\(T\) :

Maximum grade

\({G}_{kl}\) :

The grade assigned by official \(k\) to expert \(l\)

\(q\) :

Subscript of primary hierarchy

\(t\) :

Subscript of secondary hierarchy

\(i\) :

Index for alternatives

\(j\) :

Index for attributes

\(k\) :

Index for experts

\(l\) :

Index for officials

\({\sigma }_{j}^{2}\) :

Variance value of attribute \(j\)

\({\alpha }_{j}\) :

Cronbach alpha coefficient of attribute \(j\)

\({CW}_{j}\) :

Objective weight of attribute \(j\)

\({SW}_{j}\) :

Subjective weight of attribute \(j\)

\({NW}_{j}\) :

Net weight of attribute \(j\)

\({R}_{i}\) :

Rank value of alternative (barrier) \(i\)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Information Technology Systems and Analytics Area, Indian Institute of Management Bodh Gaya, Bodh Gaya, 824234, Bihar, India

    Raghunathan Krishankumar

  2. Department of Mathematics, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India

    Sundararajan Dhruva

  3. Institute of Sustainable Construction, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Saulėtekio Ave. 11, 10223, Vilnius, Lithuania

    Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas

  4. Laboratory of Smart Building Systems, Institute of Sustainable Construction, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Saulėtekio Ave. 11, 10223, Vilnius, Lithuania

    Kattur Soundarapandian Ravichandran

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Krishankumar, R., Dhruva, S., Zavadskas, E.K. et al. Grading barriers in IoT adoption for sustainable supply chains: a double hierarchy fuzzy-based Cronbach-WISP model. Ann Oper Res 351, 2233–2285 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-025-06620-w

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