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Optical optimization of a multi-slit extreme ultraviolet spectrograph for global solar corona diagnostics

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Abstract

The spatial-temporal evolution of coronal plasma parameters of the solar outer atmosphere at global scales, derived from solar full-disk imaging spectroscopic observation in the extreme-ultraviolet band, is critical for understanding and forecasting solar eruptions. We propose a multi-slits extreme ultraviolet imaging spectrograph for global coronal diagnostics with high cadence and present the preliminary instrument designs for the wavelength range from 18.3 to 19.8 nm. The instrument takes a comprehensive approach to obtain global coronal spatial and spectral information, improve the detected cadence and avoid overlapping. We first describe the relationship between optical properties and structural parameters, especially the relationship between the overlapping and the number of slits, and give a general multi-slits extreme-ultraviolet imaging spectrograph design process. The multilayer structure is optimized to enhance the effective areas in the observation band. Five distantly-separated slits are set to divide the entire solar field of view, which increase the cadence for raster scanning the solar disk by 5 times relative to a single slit. The spectral resolving power of the optical system with an aperture diameter of 150 mm are optimized to be greater than 1461. The spatial resolution along the slits direction and the scanning direction are about \(4.4^{\prime \prime }\) and \(6.86^{\prime \prime }\), respectively. The Al/Mo/B\(_4\)C multilayer structure is optimized and the peak effective area is about 1.60 cm\(^2\) at 19.3 nm with a full width at half maximum of about 1.3 nm. The cadence to finish full-disk raster scan is about 5 minutes. Finally, the instrument performance is evaluated by an end-to-end calculation of the system photon budget and a simulation of the observational image and spectra. Our investigation shows that this approach is promising for global coronal plasma diagnostics.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by National Key R&D Program of China No. 2021YFA1600500, National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 12303088. CHIANTI is a collaborative project involving George Mason University, the University of Michigan (USA), University of Cambridge (UK) and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (USA).

Funding

This work was supported by National Key R&D Program of China No. 2021YFA1600500, National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 12303088.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China

    Yufei Feng, Xianyong Bai, Sifan Guo, Yuanyong Deng, Qi Yang, Wei Duan, Xiaoming Zhu, Xiao Yang, Zhiwei Feng & Zhiyong Zhang

  2. Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China

    Yufei Feng, Xianyong Bai, Yuanyong Deng, Wei Duan, Xiaoming Zhu, Xiao Yang, Zhiwei Feng & Zhiyong Zhang

  3. School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Xianyong Bai, Sifan Guo, Yuanyong Deng, Qi Yang, Wei Duan, Xiao Yang, Zhiwei Feng & Zhiyong Zhang

  4. Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 102206, China

    Xianyong Bai

  5. School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China

    Hui Tian & Lami Chan

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  1. Yufei Feng
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Yufei Feng, Xianyong Bai, Hui Tian. Methodology: Yufei Feng, Xianyong Bai, Hui Tian. Formal analysis and investigation: Sifan Guo, Lami Chan, Qi Yang, Wei Duan. Writing - original draft preparation: Yufei Feng Writing - review and editing: Xiaoming Zhu, Xiao Yang, Zhiwei Feng, and Zhiyong Zhang. Supervision: Hui Tian, Yuanyong Deng.

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Correspondence to Xianyong Bai.

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Feng, Y., Bai, X., Guo, S. et al. Optical optimization of a multi-slit extreme ultraviolet spectrograph for global solar corona diagnostics. Exp Astron 58, 13 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-024-09961-9

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