Showing 1–6 of 6 results for author: Gadepalli, K

Google COVID-19 Vaccination Search Insights: Anonymization Process Description

Authors: Shailesh Bavadekar, Adam Boulanger, John Davis, Damien Desfontaines, Evgeniy Gabrilovich, Krishna Gadepalli, Badih Ghazi, Tague Griffith, Jai Gupta, Chaitanya Kamath, Dennis Kraft, Ravi Kumar, Akim Kumok, Yael Mayer, Pasin Manurangsi, Arti Patankar, Irippuge Milinda Perera, Chris Scott, Tomer Shekel, Benjamin Miller, Karen Smith, Charlotte Stanton, Mimi Sun, Mark Young, Gregory Wellenius

Abstract: This report describes the aggregation and anonymization process applied to the COVID-19 Vaccination Search Insights (published at http://goo.gle/covid19vaccinationinsights), a publicly available dataset showing aggregated and anonymized trends in Google searches related to COVID-19 vaccination. The applied anonymization techniques protect every user's daily search activity related to COVID-19 vacc… ▽ More This report describes the aggregation and anonymization process applied to the COVID-19 Vaccination Search Insights (published at http://goo.gle/covid19vaccinationinsights), a publicly available dataset showing aggregated and anonymized trends in Google searches related to COVID-19 vaccination. The applied anonymization techniques protect every user's daily search activity related to COVID-19 vaccinations with $(\varepsilon, δ)$-differential privacy for $\varepsilon = 2.19$ and $δ= 10^{-5}$. △ Less

Submitted 7 July, 2021; v1 submitted 2 July, 2021; originally announced July 2021.

Google COVID-19 Search Trends Symptoms Dataset: Anonymization Process Description (version 1.0)

Authors: Shailesh Bavadekar, Andrew Dai, John Davis, Damien Desfontaines, Ilya Eckstein, Katie Everett, Alex Fabrikant, Gerardo Flores, Evgeniy Gabrilovich, Krishna Gadepalli, Shane Glass, Rayman Huang, Chaitanya Kamath, Dennis Kraft, Akim Kumok, Hinali Marfatia, Yael Mayer, Benjamin Miller, Adam Pearce, Irippuge Milinda Perera, Venky Ramachandran, Karthik Raman, Thomas Roessler, Izhak Shafran, Tomer Shekel , et al. (5 additional authors not shown)

Abstract: This report describes the aggregation and anonymization process applied to the initial version of COVID-19 Search Trends symptoms dataset (published at https://goo.gle/covid19symptomdataset on September 2, 2020), a publicly available dataset that shows aggregated, anonymized trends in Google searches for symptoms (and some related topics). The anonymization process is designed to protect the daily… ▽ More This report describes the aggregation and anonymization process applied to the initial version of COVID-19 Search Trends symptoms dataset (published at https://goo.gle/covid19symptomdataset on September 2, 2020), a publicly available dataset that shows aggregated, anonymized trends in Google searches for symptoms (and some related topics). The anonymization process is designed to protect the daily symptom search activity of every user with $\varepsilon$-differential privacy for $\varepsilon$ = 1.68. △ Less

Submitted 2 September, 2020; originally announced September 2020.

Google COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports: Anonymization Process Description (version 1.1)

Authors: Ahmet Aktay, Shailesh Bavadekar, Gwen Cossoul, John Davis, Damien Desfontaines, Alex Fabrikant, Evgeniy Gabrilovich, Krishna Gadepalli, Bryant Gipson, Miguel Guevara, Chaitanya Kamath, Mansi Kansal, Ali Lange, Chinmoy Mandayam, Andrew Oplinger, Christopher Pluntke, Thomas Roessler, Arran Schlosberg, Tomer Shekel, Swapnil Vispute, Mia Vu, Gregory Wellenius, Brian Williams, Royce J Wilson

Abstract: This document describes the aggregation and anonymization process applied to the initial version of Google COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports (published at http://google.com/covid19/mobility on April 2, 2020), a publicly available resource intended to help public health authorities understand what has changed in response to work-from-home, shelter-in-place, and other recommended policies aimed at… ▽ More This document describes the aggregation and anonymization process applied to the initial version of Google COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports (published at http://google.com/covid19/mobility on April 2, 2020), a publicly available resource intended to help public health authorities understand what has changed in response to work-from-home, shelter-in-place, and other recommended policies aimed at flattening the curve of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our anonymization process is designed to ensure that no personal data, including an individual's location, movement, or contacts, can be derived from the resulting metrics. The high-level description of the procedure is as follows: we first generate a set of anonymized metrics from the data of Google users who opted in to Location History. Then, we compute percentage changes of these metrics from a baseline based on the historical part of the anonymized metrics. We then discard a subset which does not meet our bar for statistical reliability, and release the rest publicly in a format that compares the result to the private baseline. △ Less

Submitted 3 November, 2020; v1 submitted 8 April, 2020; originally announced April 2020.

Human-centric Metric for Accelerating Pathology Reports Annotation

Authors: Ruibin Ma, Po-Hsuan Cameron Chen, Gang Li, Wei-Hung Weng, Angela Lin, Krishna Gadepalli, Yuannan Cai

Abstract: Pathology reports contain useful information such as the main involved organ, diagnosis, etc. These information can be identified from the free text reports and used for large-scale statistical analysis or serve as annotation for other modalities such as pathology slides images. However, manual classification for a huge number of reports on multiple tasks is labor-intensive. In this paper, we have… ▽ More Pathology reports contain useful information such as the main involved organ, diagnosis, etc. These information can be identified from the free text reports and used for large-scale statistical analysis or serve as annotation for other modalities such as pathology slides images. However, manual classification for a huge number of reports on multiple tasks is labor-intensive. In this paper, we have developed an automatic text classifier based on BERT and we propose a human-centric metric to evaluate the model. According to the model confidence, we identify low-confidence cases that require further expert annotation and high-confidence cases that are automatically classified. We report the percentage of low-confidence cases and the performance of automatically classified cases. On the high-confidence cases, the model achieves classification accuracy comparable to pathologists. This leads a potential of reducing 80% to 98% of the manual annotation workload. △ Less

Submitted 12 November, 2019; v1 submitted 31 October, 2019; originally announced November 2019.

Comments: Machine Learning for Health (ML4H) at NeurIPS 2019 - Extended Abstract

Microscope 2.0: An Augmented Reality Microscope with Real-time Artificial Intelligence Integration

Authors: Po-Hsuan Cameron Chen, Krishna Gadepalli, Robert MacDonald, Yun Liu, Kunal Nagpal, Timo Kohlberger, Jeffrey Dean, Greg S. Corrado, Jason D. Hipp, Martin C. Stumpe

Abstract: The brightfield microscope is instrumental in the visual examination of both biological and physical samples at sub-millimeter scales. One key clinical application has been in cancer histopathology, where the microscopic assessment of the tissue samples is used for the diagnosis and staging of cancer and thus guides clinical therapy. However, the interpretation of these samples is inherently subje… ▽ More The brightfield microscope is instrumental in the visual examination of both biological and physical samples at sub-millimeter scales. One key clinical application has been in cancer histopathology, where the microscopic assessment of the tissue samples is used for the diagnosis and staging of cancer and thus guides clinical therapy. However, the interpretation of these samples is inherently subjective, resulting in significant diagnostic variability. Moreover, in many regions of the world, access to pathologists is severely limited due to lack of trained personnel. In this regard, Artificial Intelligence (AI) based tools promise to improve the access and quality of healthcare. However, despite significant advances in AI research, integration of these tools into real-world cancer diagnosis workflows remains challenging because of the costs of image digitization and difficulties in deploying AI solutions. Here we propose a cost-effective solution to the integration of AI: the Augmented Reality Microscope (ARM). The ARM overlays AI-based information onto the current view of the sample through the optical pathway in real-time, enabling seamless integration of AI into the regular microscopy workflow. We demonstrate the utility of ARM in the detection of lymph node metastases in breast cancer and the identification of prostate cancer with a latency that supports real-time workflows. We anticipate that ARM will remove barriers towards the use of AI in microscopic analysis and thus improve the accuracy and efficiency of cancer diagnosis. This approach is applicable to other microscopy tasks and AI algorithms in the life sciences and beyond. △ Less

Submitted 4 December, 2018; v1 submitted 21 November, 2018; originally announced December 2018.

Journal ref: Nature Medicine (2019)

Detecting Cancer Metastases on Gigapixel Pathology Images

Authors: Yun Liu, Krishna Gadepalli, Mohammad Norouzi, George E. Dahl, Timo Kohlberger, Aleksey Boyko, Subhashini Venugopalan, Aleksei Timofeev, Philip Q. Nelson, Greg S. Corrado, Jason D. Hipp, Lily Peng, Martin C. Stumpe

Abstract: Each year, the treatment decisions for more than 230,000 breast cancer patients in the U.S. hinge on whether the cancer has metastasized away from the breast. Metastasis detection is currently performed by pathologists reviewing large expanses of biological tissues. This process is labor intensive and error-prone. We present a framework to automatically detect and localize tumors as small as 100 x… ▽ More Each year, the treatment decisions for more than 230,000 breast cancer patients in the U.S. hinge on whether the cancer has metastasized away from the breast. Metastasis detection is currently performed by pathologists reviewing large expanses of biological tissues. This process is labor intensive and error-prone. We present a framework to automatically detect and localize tumors as small as 100 x 100 pixels in gigapixel microscopy images sized 100,000 x 100,000 pixels. Our method leverages a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture and obtains state-of-the-art results on the Camelyon16 dataset in the challenging lesion-level tumor detection task. At 8 false positives per image, we detect 92.4% of the tumors, relative to 82.7% by the previous best automated approach. For comparison, a human pathologist attempting exhaustive search achieved 73.2% sensitivity. We achieve image-level AUC scores above 97% on both the Camelyon16 test set and an independent set of 110 slides. In addition, we discover that two slides in the Camelyon16 training set were erroneously labeled normal. Our approach could considerably reduce false negative rates in metastasis detection. △ Less

Submitted 7 March, 2017; v1 submitted 3 March, 2017; originally announced March 2017.

Comments: Fig 1: normal and tumor patches were accidentally reversed - now fixed. Minor grammatical corrections in appendix, section "Image Color Normalization"

Journal ref: MICCAI Tutorial (2017)